Lecture 1 - Intro Flashcards
Define pharmacy
Profession charged with ensuring safe and optimal use of medication
What are 3 new services that pharmacists provide?
1) Clinical practice
2) Medication review
3) Drug information
What are the 3 main disciplines of pharmacy?
1) Industrial
2) Pharmaceutical sciences
3) Pharmacy practice
Define pharmacodynamics
Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body, mechanisms of drug action and relationship between drug concentration and effect
Define therapeutic window
The amount of a medication between an effective dose and a toxic dose
What can affect pharmacodynamics?
Physiologic changes due to disorders, aging, or other drugs
Define pharmacokinetics
Explores what the body does to the drug
What 2 elements of pharmacy are often studied together?
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics (PK-PD)
What does ADME stand for?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
What does ADME describe?
The disposition of a drug
What affects pharmacokinetics of drugs?
Partition coefficient, drug transporters, and perfusion
Define pharmaceutics
- Science of doasge form design
- Deals with the formulation of pure drug substance into a dosage form
What are examples of dosage forms?
Tablets, capsules, syrups, solutions for injections, suppositories, and transdermal patches
Why do various dosage forms exist for the same compound?
Different medical conditions may warrant different routes of administration (ex: vomiting)
What is drug delivery?
The method or process of administering a pharmaceutical compound to achieve a therapeutic effect (ex: tablet)
What is pharmacology?
How drugs interact within biological systems to affect function or produce a change in function
Define clinical pharmacology
Science of drugs and their clinical use
What is the main objective of clinical pharmacology?
Promote safety and efficacy of prescribed medication
What are 4 examples of the responsibilities of clinical pharmacologists?
1) Analyzing adverse drug effects
2) Therapeutics and toxicology
3) Perioperative drug management
4) Psychopharmacology
Define pharmacogenomics
The influence of genetic variation on drug response by correlating gene expression with a drug’s efficacy or toxicity
What is the main goal of pharmacogenomics?
Develop rational means to optimize drug therapy with respect to the patients genotype
What is the difference between pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics?
Pharmacogenomics is the whole genome application, which pharmacogenetics examins the single gene interactions with drugs
Define toxicology
Study of the adverse effects of chemicals and drugs on living organisms
What does LD50 refer to?
The dose of a toxic substance that kills 50% of a test population
Define pharmacognosy
Study of medicines derive from natural sources
Define medicinal chemistry
Involves the identification, synthesis, and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use
What are adverse effects?
Harmful and undesired effects resulting from a medication
What may cause adverse effects?
- Unsuitable or incorrect dosage which could be due to medical error
- Drug interaction with another drug or even food
What can help manage adverse effects?
Dosage adjustment based on the drugs pharmacokinetics
Define pharmacovigilance
Pharmacological science relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects (particularly long term side effects)
What is the goal of evidence-based medicine?
Apple evidence gained from the scientific method to parts of medical practice
Define pharmaceutical care
The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life
What are 4 possible outcomes of pharmaceutical care?
1) Cure of a disease
2) Elimination or reduction of patient’s symptoms
3) Arresting or slowing of a disease process
4) Preventing a disease
