Lecture 1 - Intro

Question 1

Define pharmacy

Answer 1

Profession charged with ensuring safe and optimal use of medication

Question 2

What are 3 new services that pharmacists provide?

Answer 2

1) Clinical practice
2) Medication review
3) Drug information

Question 3

What are the 3 main disciplines of pharmacy?

Answer 3

1) Industrial
2) Pharmaceutical sciences
3) Pharmacy practice

Question 4

Define pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body, mechanisms of drug action and relationship between drug concentration and effect

Question 5

Define therapeutic window

Answer 5

The amount of a medication between an effective dose and a toxic dose

Question 6

What can affect pharmacodynamics?

Answer 6

Physiologic changes due to disorders, aging, or other drugs

Question 7

Define pharmacokinetics

Answer 7

Explores what the body does to the drug

Question 8

What 2 elements of pharmacy are often studied together?

Answer 8

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics (PK-PD)

Question 9

What does ADME stand for?

Answer 9

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Question 10

What does ADME describe?

Answer 10

The disposition of a drug

Question 11

What affects pharmacokinetics of drugs?

Answer 11

Partition coefficient, drug transporters, and perfusion

Question 12

Define pharmaceutics

Answer 12

• Science of doasge form design

- Deals with the formulation of pure drug substance into a dosage form

Question 13

What are examples of dosage forms?

Answer 13

Tablets, capsules, syrups, solutions for injections, suppositories, and transdermal patches

Question 14

Why do various dosage forms exist for the same compound?

Answer 14

Different medical conditions may warrant different routes of administration (ex: vomiting)

Question 15

What is drug delivery?

Answer 15

The method or process of administering a pharmaceutical compound to achieve a therapeutic effect (ex: tablet)

Question 16

What is pharmacology?

Answer 16

How drugs interact within biological systems to affect function or produce a change in function

Question 17

Define clinical pharmacology

Answer 17

Science of drugs and their clinical use

Question 18

What is the main objective of clinical pharmacology?

Answer 18

Promote safety and efficacy of prescribed medication

Question 19

What are 4 examples of the responsibilities of clinical pharmacologists?

Answer 19

1) Analyzing adverse drug effects
2) Therapeutics and toxicology
3) Perioperative drug management
4) Psychopharmacology

Question 20

Define pharmacogenomics

Answer 20

The influence of genetic variation on drug response by correlating gene expression with a drug’s efficacy or toxicity

Question 21

What is the main goal of pharmacogenomics?

Answer 21

Develop rational means to optimize drug therapy with respect to the patients genotype

Question 22

What is the difference between pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics?

Answer 22

Pharmacogenomics is the whole genome application, which pharmacogenetics examins the single gene interactions with drugs

Question 23

Define toxicology

Answer 23

Study of the adverse effects of chemicals and drugs on living organisms

Question 24

What does LD50 refer to?

Answer 24

The dose of a toxic substance that kills 50% of a test population

Question 25

Define pharmacognosy

Answer 25

Study of medicines derive from natural sources

Question 26

Define medicinal chemistry

Answer 26

Involves the identification, synthesis, and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use

Question 27

What are adverse effects?

Answer 27

Harmful and undesired effects resulting from a medication

Question 28

What may cause adverse effects?

Answer 28

- Unsuitable or incorrect dosage which could be due to medical error - Drug interaction with another drug or even food

Question 29

What can help manage adverse effects?

Answer 29

Dosage adjustment based on the drugs pharmacokinetics

Question 30

Define pharmacovigilance

Answer 30

Pharmacological science relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects (particularly long term side effects)

Question 31

What is the goal of evidence-based medicine?

Answer 31

Apple evidence gained from the scientific method to parts of medical practice

Question 32

Define pharmaceutical care

Answer 32

The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life

Question 33

What are 4 possible outcomes of pharmaceutical care?

Answer 33

1) Cure of a disease 2) Elimination or reduction of patient's symptoms 3) Arresting or slowing of a disease process 4) Preventing a disease