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PHRM 1000 > Lecture 1 - Intro > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Define pharmacy

A

Profession charged with ensuring safe and optimal use of medication

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2
Q

What are 3 new services that pharmacists provide?

A

1) Clinical practice
2) Medication review
3) Drug information

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3
Q

What are the 3 main disciplines of pharmacy?

A

1) Industrial
2) Pharmaceutical sciences
3) Pharmacy practice

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4
Q

Define pharmacodynamics

A

Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body, mechanisms of drug action and relationship between drug concentration and effect

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5
Q

Define therapeutic window

A

The amount of a medication between an effective dose and a toxic dose

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6
Q

What can affect pharmacodynamics?

A

Physiologic changes due to disorders, aging, or other drugs

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7
Q

Define pharmacokinetics

A

Explores what the body does to the drug

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8
Q

What 2 elements of pharmacy are often studied together?

A

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics (PK-PD)

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9
Q

What does ADME stand for?

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

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10
Q

What does ADME describe?

A

The disposition of a drug

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11
Q

What affects pharmacokinetics of drugs?

A

Partition coefficient, drug transporters, and perfusion

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12
Q

Define pharmaceutics

A
  • Science of doasge form design

- Deals with the formulation of pure drug substance into a dosage form

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13
Q

What are examples of dosage forms?

A

Tablets, capsules, syrups, solutions for injections, suppositories, and transdermal patches

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14
Q

Why do various dosage forms exist for the same compound?

A

Different medical conditions may warrant different routes of administration (ex: vomiting)

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15
Q

What is drug delivery?

A

The method or process of administering a pharmaceutical compound to achieve a therapeutic effect (ex: tablet)

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16
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

How drugs interact within biological systems to affect function or produce a change in function

17
Q

Define clinical pharmacology

A

Science of drugs and their clinical use

18
Q

What is the main objective of clinical pharmacology?

A

Promote safety and efficacy of prescribed medication

19
Q

What are 4 examples of the responsibilities of clinical pharmacologists?

A

1) Analyzing adverse drug effects
2) Therapeutics and toxicology
3) Perioperative drug management
4) Psychopharmacology

20
Q

Define pharmacogenomics

A

The influence of genetic variation on drug response by correlating gene expression with a drug’s efficacy or toxicity

21
Q

What is the main goal of pharmacogenomics?

A

Develop rational means to optimize drug therapy with respect to the patients genotype

22
Q

What is the difference between pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics?

A

Pharmacogenomics is the whole genome application, which pharmacogenetics examins the single gene interactions with drugs

23
Q

Define toxicology

A

Study of the adverse effects of chemicals and drugs on living organisms

24
Q

What does LD50 refer to?

A

The dose of a toxic substance that kills 50% of a test population

25
Q

Define pharmacognosy

A

Study of medicines derive from natural sources

26
Q

Define medicinal chemistry

A

Involves the identification, synthesis, and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use

27
Q

What are adverse effects?

A

Harmful and undesired effects resulting from a medication

28
Q

What may cause adverse effects?

A
  • Unsuitable or incorrect dosage which could be due to medical error
  • Drug interaction with another drug or even food
29
Q

What can help manage adverse effects?

A

Dosage adjustment based on the drugs pharmacokinetics

30
Q

Define pharmacovigilance

A

Pharmacological science relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects (particularly long term side effects)

31
Q

What is the goal of evidence-based medicine?

A

Apple evidence gained from the scientific method to parts of medical practice

32
Q

Define pharmaceutical care

A

The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life

33
Q

What are 4 possible outcomes of pharmaceutical care?

A

1) Cure of a disease
2) Elimination or reduction of patient’s symptoms
3) Arresting or slowing of a disease process
4) Preventing a disease

PHRM 1000 (10 decks)

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