LECTURE 1: Hydrology vs. Hydraulics

Question 1

Branch of science that deals with the occurrence, circulation, and distribution of water

Answer 1

Hydrology

Question 2

Concerned with the water occurring below the earth’s surface

Answer 2

Hydrology

Question 3

Branch of Science that deals with the motion of liquids in relation to discipline such as fluid dynamics

Answer 3

Hydraulics

Question 4

• Most abundant substance on earth
• Principal constituent of all living things
• Major force constantly shaping the surface of the earth

Answer 4

Water

Question 5

2.8% of the world’s water is composed of _________.

Answer 5

Fresh water

Question 6

97.8% of the world’s water is composed of _________.

Answer 6

Salt water

Question 7

What ate the three (3) states of water?

Answer 7

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 8

What are the properties of water?

Answer 8

Sun’s Radiation
Acceleration due to Gravity
Ability of water to flow

Question 9

• water transfer cycle
• occurs continuously in nature
• conceptual model of how water moves between the earth’s surface atmosphere

Answer 9

Hydrologic Cycle

Question 10

What are the different phases of hydrologic cycle?

Answer 10

Evaporation
Transpiration
Evapotranspiration
Precipitation
Infiltration
Runoff

Question 11

It is the transfer of water from the surface of the earth to the earth’s atmosphere. It is also the liquid to gas phase of water.

Answer 11

Evaporation

Question 12

It is the process of water vapor being emitted by plant leaves

Answer 12

Transpiration

Question 13

It is the overall process of evaporation

Answer 13

Evapotranspiration

Question 14

This process is a result when tiny condensation particles grow too large

Answer 14

Precipitation

Question 15

It is the flow of water from the ground into the ground

Answer 15

Infiltration

Question 16

It is the quantity of water discharge in surface streams

Answer 16

Runoff

Question 17

Direct conversion from solid state to vapor state

Answer 17

Sublimation

Question 18

It is the primary form of atmospheric moisture

Answer 18

Water vapor

Question 19

It is the transition process from vapor to liquid state

Answer 19

Condensation

Question 20

• The amount of precipitation falling will slowly soak into ground and eventually reach the rivers
• describes different ways on how we utilize water

Answer 20

Water Balance

Question 21

The total amount of water is the same, with virtually no water added to or lost from the cycle

Answer 21

Closed System

Question 22

Have the potential lead to changes in water balance

Answer 22

Human Inputs

Question 23

What are the examples of human inputs?

Answer 23

Paving
Compacting Soils
Altering the nature

Question 24

Air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration are related through the balance of “incoming and outgoing energy”, in combination with water at the earth’s surface

Answer 24

Energy and water balance

Question 25

A method by which we can account for the hydrologic cycle of a specific area, with emphasis on plants and soil moisture

Answer 25

Concept of Water Balance

Question 26

This type of approach allows an examination of the hydrologic cycle for any period of time

Answer 26

Concept of Water Balance

Question 27

- calculated water balances for a specific area - also called as: drainage, water basin, discharge area, precipitation area, and watershed

Answer 27

Catchment

Question 28

Defined as the area upstream from a certain point in the water course that contributes to flow when precipitation falls

Answer 28

Catchment

Question 29

The area of catchment is determined by _______.

Answer 29

Water Divide

Question 30

Also known as a drainage divide, is any high land region that divides drainage into two (2) halves. It could be a mountain, plateau, or another terrain that separates nearby drainage basins.

Answer 30

Water Divide

Question 31

Estimates the amount of water in each component of the water cycle

Answer 31

Water Budget

Question 32

What are the components of water budget?

Answer 32

Water Inflow Water Outflow Change in Storage

Question 33

Components Under Water Inflow

Answer 33

Precipitation Surface water flow Imported water Ground water inflow

Question 34

Components Under Water Outflow

Answer 34

Evaporation Evapotranspiration Surface water outflow Exported water

Question 35

Components Under Change in Water Storage

Answer 35

Snow Pack Unsaturated Soil Zone Streams, Rivers, Reservoirs Aquifers