LECTURE 1: Hydrology vs. Hydraulics Flashcards
Branch of science that deals with the occurrence, circulation, and distribution of water
Hydrology
Concerned with the water occurring below the earth’s surface
Hydrology
Branch of Science that deals with the motion of liquids in relation to discipline such as fluid dynamics
Hydraulics
- Most abundant substance on earth
- Principal constituent of all living things
- Major force constantly shaping the surface of the earth
Water
2.8% of the world’s water is composed of _________.
Fresh water
97.8% of the world’s water is composed of _________.
Salt water
What ate the three (3) states of water?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What are the properties of water?
Sun’s Radiation
Acceleration due to Gravity
Ability of water to flow
- water transfer cycle
- occurs continuously in nature
- conceptual model of how water moves between the earth’s surface atmosphere
Hydrologic Cycle
What are the different phases of hydrologic cycle?
Evaporation
Transpiration
Evapotranspiration
Precipitation
Infiltration
Runoff
It is the transfer of water from the surface of the earth to the earth’s atmosphere. It is also the liquid to gas phase of water.
Evaporation
It is the process of water vapor being emitted by plant leaves
Transpiration
It is the overall process of evaporation
Evapotranspiration
This process is a result when tiny condensation particles grow too large
Precipitation
It is the flow of water from the ground into the ground
Infiltration
It is the quantity of water discharge in surface streams
Runoff
Direct conversion from solid state to vapor state
Sublimation
It is the primary form of atmospheric moisture
Water vapor
It is the transition process from vapor to liquid state
Condensation
- The amount of precipitation falling will slowly soak into ground and eventually reach the rivers
- describes different ways on how we utilize water
Water Balance
The total amount of water is the same, with virtually no water added to or lost from the cycle
Closed System
Have the potential lead to changes in water balance
Human Inputs
What are the examples of human inputs?
Paving
Compacting Soils
Altering the nature
Air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration are related through the balance of “incoming and outgoing energy”, in combination with water at the earth’s surface
Energy and water balance
A method by which we can account for the hydrologic cycle of a specific area, with emphasis on plants and soil moisture
Concept of Water Balance
This type of approach allows an examination of the hydrologic cycle for any period of time
Concept of Water Balance
- calculated water balances for a specific area
- also called as: drainage, water basin, discharge area, precipitation area, and watershed
Catchment
Defined as the area upstream from a certain point in the water course that contributes to flow when precipitation falls
Catchment
The area of catchment is determined by _______.
Water Divide
Also known as a drainage divide, is any high land region that divides drainage into two (2) halves. It could be a mountain, plateau, or another terrain that separates nearby drainage basins.
Water Divide
Estimates the amount of water in each component of the water cycle
Water Budget
What are the components of water budget?
Water Inflow
Water Outflow
Change in Storage
Components Under Water Inflow
Precipitation
Surface water flow
Imported water
Ground water inflow
Components Under Water Outflow
Evaporation
Evapotranspiration
Surface water outflow
Exported water
Components Under Change in Water Storage
Snow Pack
Unsaturated Soil Zone
Streams, Rivers, Reservoirs
Aquifers
