Lecture 1- Human Brain

Question 1

Types of division of brain

Answer 1

Structural and Functional

Question 2

Left and Right Hemisphere function (main)?

Answer 2

Left- major control of language

Right- spacial recognition and 3D side of life

Separated by longitudinal fissure and connected by the CORPUS CALLOSUM

Question 3

Lobar divisions?

Answer 3

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe

Question 4

Division Between
FL and PL?
PL and TL?
PL and OL?

Answer 4

Central Sulcus
Lateral Fissure
Parieto Occiptial Sulcus

Question 5

Gyrification?

Answer 5

Folding into a gyrified region to increase surface area and fit more into a smaller total volume(ie. Skull)

Question 6

Central Sulcus has ______ in front and ______ behind?

Answer 6

Precentral Gyrus

Postcentral Gyrus

Question 7

What classifies the FOREBRAIN?

Answer 7

Everything above the midbrain

Question 8

Why is the HINDBRAIN important?

Answer 8

Due to its extremely large number of neurones

Question 9

Classification based on position in the brain?

Answer 9

Anatomical classification

Question 10

Precentral Gyrus?

Answer 10

Primary motor cortex, aka the motor strip.

1/3 goes to the face as the number of nerves is proportional to the range or difficulty of movement.

Question 11

Type of organisation of Primary motor cortex and how it’s mapped?

Answer 11

Somatotopically organised

Homunculus= body map

Question 12

Post Central Gyrus?

Answer 12

Primary Sensory Cortex

Has a sensory homunculus

Question 13

Primary Auditory Cortex?
Function?
Info mapping?

Answer 13

Found in the lateral fissure

Primarily occurs on the left side(DOMINANT) and information is mapped in a TONOTOPIC FASHION

Question 14

Secondary Auditory Cortex?

Found?

Answer 14

Wernicke’s Speech Area
Interprets info from the primary area
Found on Superior Temporal Gyrus only on the left side

Question 15

Broca’s Speech Area

Answer 15

Allows you to formulate speech for yourself and is found in planning area of frontal lobe by the mouth area of Primary motor cortex

Question 16

What allows interpretation and logical answers to be formed?

Answer 16

Arcuate Fasciculus that joins Broca’s area with wernickes area.

Question 17

An leison in an area can lead to an ___?

Answer 17

Aphasia

Question 18

Types of Aphasia and where they are found?

Answer 18

Sensory/Fluent Aphasia - Wernickes area understanding affected

Non-Fluent/motor Aphasia - Broca’s area, are not fluent

Connection all Aphasia - Arcuate Fasciculus, disconnect between understanding and mounting response. Work fine on their own.

Question 19

SMGLA AND AGLA?

Answer 19

Supramarginal language area (reading)

Angular Gyrus language area. (Writing)

Question 20

SMGLA and AGLA are found?

Answer 20

Inferior parietal lobule

Question 21

Exeners Area?

Answer 21

Planning area located by eyes on primary motor cortex. Joined to SMGLA and AGLA by Fasciculus.

Question 22

Primary Visual Cortex?

Supplementary Visual Cortex?

Answer 22

Found on the occipital pole small granules allow sense of sight

Found around pole and allow interpretation of sight.

Question 23

Medial view of primary visual cortex?

Answer 23

Primary visual cortex is separated by the CALCARINE SULCUS

Question 24

Frontal Association Cortex?

Answer 24

Front lobe of brain used for

- intelligence, mood, personality, behaviour, cognitive function

Question 25

Parietal association Cortex?

Answer 25

Spacial skills, 3D recognition- shapes faces concepts

Question 26

Temporal association cortex

Answer 26

MEMORY

Mood, aggression, intelligence

Question 27

Non dominant Hemisphere (Right)

…and effects of injury

Answer 27

Non-verbal Language (loss of)

Emotional expression/tone (speech lacks emotion)

Spatial skills (spatial disorientation)

Conceptual understanding/ abstract thinking(can’t recognise familiar things)

Artistic/musical skills
(Loss of musical appreciation)