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GI Final > Lecture 1-Hormones Of The GI Tract Table > Flashcards

Lecture 1-Hormones Of The GI Tract Table Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrin-Site of secretion?

A

G cells of stomach

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2
Q

Gastrin-Stimuli of secretion?

A
  • Small peptides and amino acids
  • Distention of stomach
  • Vagal stimulation (via GRP)
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3
Q

Gastrin-actions?

A
  • Increase circulating levels of gastrin
  • Increase acid (HCl) secretion by parietal cells
  • Hypertrophy of gastric mucosa (increases # of parietal cells)
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4
Q

Excess gastrin can cause?

A

Duodenal ulcers and steatorrhea

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5
Q

How does excess gastrin cause steatorrhea?

A

Excess gastrin leads to excess acid which impairs pancreatic enzymes some of which are responsible for breaking down fat
-fat in feces

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6
Q

CCK-hormone family?

A

Gastrin-CCK family

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7
Q

CCK-Site of secretion?

A

I cells of the jejunum and duodenum

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8
Q

CCK actions (2 main actions)?

A
  • Increase pancreatic enzyme secretion
  • Stimulates contraction of the gall bladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi-gall bladder releases bile into duodenum
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9
Q

CCK other actions?

A
  • Increase pancreatic bicarb secretion (not a direct effect, it potentiates the effects of secretin)
  • Stimulates growth of the exocrine pancreas and gall bladder
  • Inhibits gastric emptying
  • Can also act as a paracrine signal
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9
Q

CCK inhibits gastric emptying

A

Allows fat and protein to sit in the stomach and digest since they need more time to digest than carbs

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10
Q

Specific receptor for CCK?

-Non specific receptor for CCK? What other hormone uses this receptor?

A

CCK-specific receptor-CCK1/alpha

CCK/gastrin-receptor-CCKbeta

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11
Q

CCK-stimuli of secretion?

A
  • Small peptides and amino acids

- Fatty acids

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12
Q

Secretin-hormone family?

A

Secretin-glucagon family

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13
Q

Secretin-site of secretion?

A

S cells of duodenum

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14
Q

Secretin-stimuli of secretion?

A
  • Acid (H+) in the duodenum

- Fatty acids in the duodenum

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15
Q

Secretin-similar to what other hormone?

A

Glucagon

16
Q

Secretin-actions?

A
  • Increase pancreatic and biliary bicarb secretion
  • Decrease gastric H secretion
  • Inhibits trophic effect of gastrin on gastric mucosa
  • Can also act as a paracrine signal
17
Q

GIP-two names?

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and gastric inhibitory peptide

18
Q

Gastrin-hormone family?

A

Gastrin-CCK family

19
Q

GIP-hormone family?

A

Secretin-glucagon family

20
Q

GIP-site of secretion?

A

Duodenum and jejunum

21
Q

GIP-stimuli of secretion?

A
  • Fatty acids
  • Amino acids
  • Oral glucose
22
Q

GIP actions?

A
  • Increase insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells

- Decrease gastric H secretion

23
Q

What would be more effective in increasing insulin secretion-oral or intravenous glucose administration and why?

A

Oral glucose administration would be more effective because it would stimulate GIP which stimulates insulin secretion and has direct stimulatory effects on beta cells

24
Q

Paracrine regulators?

A

Somatostatin and histamine

25
Q

Somastatin-Secreted by?

A
  • D cells of the GI mucosa

- Also secreted outside of the GI tract in the hypothalamus and delta cells of the exocrine pancreas

26
Q

Somatostatin-stimulus?

A

Low luminal pH (acidic)

27
Q

Somatostatin-actions?

A
  • Inhibits gastric H secretion

- Inhibits secretion of other GI hormones including histamine

28
Q

Histamine-Where is it stored and secreted from in the stomach?

A

Stored and secreted from enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in gastric glands

29
Q

Histamine-target what specific type of cell?

A

Parietal cells

30
Q

Histamine-action?

A

Stimulate acid production

31
Q

Histamine-inhibited by?

A

Somatostatin

32
Q

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

Gastrin-secreting tumors

GI Final (3 decks)

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