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Teri's NURS 200 > Lecture 1 - History of Nursing Profession > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - History of Nursing Profession Flashcards

1
Q

Greek and Romans –> health system

A

Reactive, not proactive Documentation of illness & more treatments Still spiritual component

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2
Q

Nursing BF –> Health

A

Preventing illness & maintaining health Good diet, use of herbs, spiritual

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3
Q

Christianity and Middle Ages

A

Nuns called community nurses

More structured nursing care

Church

The Crusades

Catholic order nurses

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4
Q

Renaissance and Enlightenment

A

“Why are people getting sick?

18th C.

Advancement in science

germ theory (Klebs, Pasteur, Lister, and Koch)

More healthcare advancements, not nursing

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5
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Hazardous workplace

Crowding cities

Child labour

Little public health policy/law

•Nightingale: Five Essential Points for Health of Houses: 1) Pure air, 2) pure water, 3)efficient drainage, 4)cleanliness, 5) light

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6
Q

What are Nightingale’s 5 Essential Points for Health of Houses

(Always Wear Delicious Choclate Lingerie

A
  1. air
  2. water
  3. drainage
  4. cleanliness
  5. light
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7
Q

What’s sooooo good about Florence Nightingale?

A
  • Founder of professional nursing
  • Love & caring alone not sufficient (knowledge + skills)
  • Crimean War caregiver
  • decreased mortality and morbidity rates with simple nursing care (handwashing)
  • 1st to look @ Pt’s enviro
  • 1st nurse Statistician
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8
Q

New France

A
  • 1st nurses = males & Jesuit priests
  • M. Hébert - Lay nurse (care to settlers)
  • Marguerite d’Youville - formed Sisters of Charity (1st visiting nurses)
  • help sick, “educate” Natives
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9
Q

What’s the difference b/w how nurses were regarded in France & Britain?

A
  • Nurses well-regarded in France
  • Nurses disrespected in Britain
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10
Q

British Regime

A
  • Grey Nuns (cared for soldiers on BOTH sides Fr-En war)
  • Infectious disease spread quickly from immigrants to travelers
  • Providers lacked knowledge
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11
Q

Opening of West for Nursing

A
  • Grey Nuns from Montreal to West
  • Care for new settlers
  • Established missions in Man, Sask, NWT
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12
Q

Nursing Education Development

A
  • Nightingale founded 1st financially independent schools
  • •schools spread across Euro and N.A
  • educational model lost as hospital schools of nursing developed
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13
Q

What about them nursing hospital school!?!

A
  • Students provided nursing care for education and COL.
  • Poor living condition for students
  • Questionable education
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14
Q

Who brought about Education Reform?

A

Mary Agnes Snively

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15
Q

What happened in the Education Reform

A
  • Snively
  • Superintendent at Toronto General Hospital School of Nursing
  • Made proper living conditions, curriculum, criteria for clinical/ education time
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16
Q

Uni Program development

A
  • WWI
  • Influenza epidemic (1918)
  • Community Health promotes
  • UBC - 1st undergrad program (1919)
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17
Q

Who found VON

A

Lady Ishbel Aberdeen

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18
Q

Nursing Organization in Canada

A
  • Lady Ishbel Aberdeen - Victorian Order of Nurses (VON)
  • established education standards
  • Women’s Right’s Movement contributed
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19
Q

Nursing - 1970 - Present

A
  • AB Task Force on Nursing Education called for baccalaureate as entry to practice
  • most bodies require baccalaureate as entry to practice.
  • 1st PhD program - U of A in 1991
20
Q

Nursing Education Today

A
  • Increased access through online and distance modalities
  • Educational standards monitored by the province
  • ​​​Ensures greater quality and response to change
21
Q

Domain of Nursing

A
  • Application
  • As profession
  • practical and theoretical orientations for discipline
22
Q

Paradigm of Nursing

A
  • Framework
  • Links Science, Philosophy, & theories
  • ***NO PRACTICAL
23
Q

Tell me about Le Theory

A
  • explaining, predicting, and prescribing phenomena
24
Q

Nursing Theory

A
  • conceptualization
  • Predicting, describing, explaining and/or prescribing nursing care
  • To explain and predict
25
Q

What are the 4 components of a theory

Please Cover Dem Asses

A
  1. Phenomena (event)
  2. Concepts
  3. Definitions
  4. Assumptions
26
Q

What’s a concept?

A

A mental formulation of objects or events

27
Q

What are the 4 types of Nursing Theory

A
  1. Grand theory
  2. Middle-range theory
  3. Descriptive theory
  4. Prescriptive theory
28
Q

Grand theory

A

–Abstract concepts

–Broad, behavioral, nursing science

29
Q

Middle-range theory

A

–Tangible, ↓abstract, easier to learn, apply to practice

–Phenomena more ~ practical

30
Q

Descriptive Theory

A

–Patterns of coping

–Why something occurs, consequences

31
Q

Prescriptive Theory

A

–Action-oriented

–interventions

32
Q

What are the 5 major theoretical models in nursing?

Patty Never Interacted So Slowly

A
  1. Practice-based theories
  2. Needs theories
  3. Interactionist theories
  4. Systems theories
  5. Simultaneity theories
33
Q

Practice-based theories

A
  • Nightingale
  • McGill Model (engaging pt in learning process)
  • what are we doing in healthcare r/t nursing
  • practical
34
Q

Needs theory

A
  • Maslow
  • Virginia Henderson - Pt independence
  • Dorothea Orem – self-care
35
Q

Interactions theories

A
  • •Hildegard Peplau (interpersonal relationships)
  • Joyce Travelbee (human/human relationships)
  • Evelyn Adam
  • Nurses/ pt relationships
  • Behavioral, communication patterns
36
Q

Systems theories

A
  • Dorothy Johnson, Betty Neuman, Sister Callista Roy
  • UBC Model
  • High focus on complexity of systems of pt’s
  • Look @ entire pt & enviro
37
Q

Simultaneity Theories

A
  • Martha Rogers, Rosemarie Parse, Jean Watson
  • Abstract thought –> difficult
  • Enviro & universal enviro
38
Q

What are the 4 metaparadigm Concepts?

A
  1. Client and person
  2. Environment
  3. Health
  4. Nursing
39
Q

Client and person r/t Metaparadigm Concept

A
  • as whole
  • how care is delivered
  • Human, social, spiritual, emotional needs
40
Q

Environment r/t Metaparadigm Concept

A
  • How Pt interacts with enviro
  • how pt impacted
  • socially, family, community
41
Q

Health r/t Metaparadigm Concept

A
  • Not just absence of illness/disease
  • total well-being
  • health promotion
42
Q

Nursing r/t Metaparadigm Concept

A
  • Care = focus of nursing
43
Q

Metaparadigm Concept Chart

A
44
Q

The practice of nursing is regulated by:

A
  1. Local Health Regions
  2. Best Practice Guidelines ( such as RNAO)
  3. Nursing Practice Acts
  4. The Canadian Nursing Association
45
Q

Which definition below describes the International Council of Nurses (ICN)?

A
  1. Licensure examinations are prepared by the ICN
  2. The Canadian Nurses Association is legislated by the ICN.
  3. The mandate of the ICN is consistency of nursing education worldwide.
  4. The ICN is a federation of national registered nurses’ associations.
46
Q

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between Primary Health Care and Primary care?

A
  1. PHC = we seek care from our family doctor when we are ill, whereas PC describes health care that allows full participation and a cost that the community and country can afford
  2. PHC focuses on clinical diagnosis and treatment, whereas PC focuses on health system policies.
  3. PHC includes coordination of care when specialists are needed, whereas PC includes large amounts of education on illness prevention
  4. PHC is a comprehensive framework and is both a philosophy of health care and an approach to providing health services, whereas PC only part of the framework of Primary Health Care.
47
Q

Which of the following attributes demonstrates nursing autonomy, a key element of self-regulation?

A
  1. Considering altruism as a hallmark of its profession.
  2. Requiring a baccalaureate level of education for its members.
  3. Having the authority to set standards and define scope for members.
  4. Creating a professional representative organization.

Teri's NURS 200 (12 decks)

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