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Entomology 219 > Lecture 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How are arthropods important to humans?

A
  1. They serve as food source
  2. They are important pollinators of human crops
  3. Some insects make products we use: honey, silk
  4. Great subjects for biologists
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2
Q

How is Crustacea important to humans?

A

They are a source of food - 10,000,00 tons consumed per year

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3
Q

In endopterygota (complete metamorphosis) where are the juvenile wing buds?

A

on the inside

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4
Q

In exopterygota (in complete metamorphosis) where are the juvenile wing buds?

A

on the outside

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5
Q

In what ways have arthropods damaged are health and/or ecosystem?

A

damaged are health and/or ecosystem? - crop pests damage crops and lead to economic loss
- many plant sap feeding arthropods transmit plant pathogens

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6
Q

Subphylum Crustaceans Include:

A

shrimps, crabs, isopods, lobsters, barnacles, etc.

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7
Q

Subphylum Hexapoda Include:

A

insects

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8
Q

Subphylum Myriapoda Include:

A

centipedes and millipedes

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9
Q

Subpylum Cheliceriformes Include:

A

spiders, scorpions, ticks, etc.

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10
Q

What are juvenile endopterygots called?

A

larve

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11
Q

What are juvenile exopterygotas called?

A

nymphs

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12
Q

What are some examples of endopterygota?

A

flies/mosquitoes
beetles
wasp/bees/ants
fleas

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13
Q

What are some examples of exopterygota?

A

biting/sucking lice
true bugs
Cockroaches

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14
Q

What are some important roles in the ecosystem that arthropods fulfill?

A
  1. many arthropods play an essential role in nutrient recycling of leaf litter, wood, carrion, dung, soil turnover
  2. Many arthropods fertilize flowering plants, allowing their propagation
  3. The vast number of arthropods that practice phytophagy (plant-feeding) have a big impact on the maintenance of the plant community - keeps single species of plants from dominating the ecosystem
  4. Arthropods are an important part of the food web and serve as sources of food for many animals
  5. Arthropods also play a role in the maintenance of animal community structure through predation and parasitism
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15
Q

What are the 5 subphyla that arthropods are divided into?

A
  • Trilobitomorpha
  • Crustacea
  • Cheliceriformes
  • Myriapoda
  • Hexapoda
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16
Q

What are the earliest insects?

A

Bristletails, wingless insects that survive until today and are relatives of silverfish

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17
Q

What crustacean is important when it comes to human health?

A

Copepod: it is the intermediate host for the guinea worm

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18
Q

What does Apterygota mean?

A

wingless insect

ex. bristle tails

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19
Q

What does endopterygota mean?

A

-holometabolous or complete metamorphosis

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20
Q

What does exopterygota mean?

A

-hemimetabolous or incomplete metamorphosis

21
Q

What does Neoptera mean?

A

insects that can fold their wings

22
Q

What does Paleoptera mean?

A

insects that cannot fold their wings

ex. mayflies, dragonflies, and damselflies

23
Q

What does pterygota mean?

A

winged

24
Q

What groups of organisms is the most diverse?

A

Arthropods

25
Q

What is important about the class Chilopoda?

A
  • Centipedes

- contain venomous bite

26
Q

What is important about the class Diplopoda?

A
  • millipedes
  • feed of plant material
  • some species are poisonous
27
Q

What is important about the order Eurypterida?

A
  • Once a dominant predator on earth but went extinct 250 mya

- Includes the largest arthropod to ever live

28
Q

What is the earliest ancestor of all vertebrates

A

Pikaia

29
Q

What is the most species rich group of insects?

A

beetles

30
Q

What is unique about the order Uropygi?

A

aka Vinegaroons

When disturbed they release acetic acid from their abdomen

31
Q

What kind of damage did the gypsy moth do?

A
  • was brought to the U.S. in 1868 to breed with silkworm to produce hybrid silk
  • Defoliated a large portion of land
  • $250 million spent on controlling it
  • gypsy moth caterpillars have hairs that are irritating and can cause breathing problems
32
Q

What three orders have medical relevance in the subphylum Chelicriformes?

A

Scorpiones
Araneae
Acari

33
Q

when did arthropods first appear in the fossil record?

A

approx. 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion

34
Q

When did complete metamorphosis appear?

A

300 mya

35
Q

When did insects appear in the fossil record?

A

400 million years ago

36
Q

When did insects evolve wings?

A

390 mya

37
Q

Where was the Cambrian explosion first observed?

A

Burgess Shale in Canadian Mountains

38
Q

Why are there so many species of insects?

A
  • insects are a very old group - lot of time to diversify
  • insects are small - exploit large numbers of habitats
  • evolution of wings - enhances dispersal and colonization of new habitats
  • the most species rich groups have complete metamorphosis - allows different specialization between larval and adult stage
39
Q

Why are viruses not considered organisms

A

they lack metabolism

40
Q

Why is the order Acari (ticks and mites) important to human health?

A

Ticks are blood feeders and can transmit diseases

mites can transmit pathogens

41
Q

Why is the order Amblypygi important?

A
  • harmless to humans
  • aka whip spiders
  • Predacious to small animals but do not possess any venom
42
Q

Why is the order Araneae important to human health?

A

Some have venomous bite

43
Q

Why is the order Opiliones important?

A

aka daddy-long legs

  • harmless to humans
  • prey on small arhtopods but do not possess any venom
  • they are a spider relative but they are not a spider
44
Q

Why is the order Scorpiones important to human health?

A

people get stung by them

45
Q

Why is the order Solifugae Important?

A
  • do not possess any venom
  • aggressive and have a painful bite that often gets infected
    fast runners = aka windspiders
46
Q

Why is the order Xiphosura important?

A

-Horse shoe crabs
- they have been around for 450 million years, look the same
“living fossil”

47
Q

Why is the subclass Arachnida Order Scorpiones Important?

A

Scorpions are medically relevant because all species have a venomous sting
stings have the ability to cause severe allergic reactions

48
Q

Within insects, what is the most speices-rich orders?

A

Holometabolous insects = complete metamorphosis

Entomology 219 (5 decks)

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