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perio exam 1 > lecture 1- anatomy of the periodontium > Flashcards

lecture 1- anatomy of the periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 structures of the periodontium?

A

Gingiva

periodontal ligament

root cementum

alveolar bone

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2
Q

what are the 2 regions of alveolar bone?

A

1) Alveolar bone proper (bundle bone)

2) alveolar process

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3
Q

what is the function of the periodontium?

A
  • attach the tooth to bony tissues of the jaw

- maintain integrity of masticatory mucosa

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4
Q

cells of the periodontium originate from the ________ during development

A

neural crest (neural tube)

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5
Q

during development, stomadeal epithelium releases factors which initiate what?

A

epithelial-ectomesenchymal interactions

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6
Q

neural crest cells form ____________ beneath stomadeal epithelium

A

ectomesenchyme

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7
Q

what does the dental papilla give rise to?

A

dentin and pulp

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8
Q

what does the dental follicle form?

A

periodontium

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9
Q

which embryonic structure gives rise to the periodontium

A

dental follicle

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10
Q

the _________ determines the shape and form of a tooth

A

dental papilla

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11
Q

what forms her twig’s epithelial root sheath?

A

outer and inner enamel epithelium proliferating apically

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12
Q

what do the inner cells of the root sheath secrete?

A

enamel-related proteins (amelogenins)

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13
Q

_____________ cells of the dental follicle contact root surfaces following the fenestration of the root sheath

A

ectomesenchymal

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14
Q

________ induces differentiation of ectomesenchymal cells into cementoblasts

A

amelogenin

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15
Q

the Periodontal ligament is formed by ________ that are differentiated from the dental follicle lateral to the cementum

A

fibroblasts

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16
Q

_________ differentiate from dental follicle ectomesenchymal cells (alveolar bone proper)

A

osteoblasts

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17
Q

T/F: ectomesenchymal cells are lost after maturation is complete

A

False: ectomesenchymal cells remain in mature periodontium and participate in turnover

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18
Q

what are the 3 regions of gingiva?

A

1) free gingiva
2) attached gingiva
3) interdental papilla

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19
Q

what is free gingiva also called? where does it extend to

A

AKA “gingival sulcus, marginal gingiva, sulcus depth”

extends from the free gingival margin to the free gingival groove

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20
Q

the free gingival margin is the ______ end of the gingiva

A

coronal

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21
Q

the Free gingival margin is located 1.5-2 mm coronal to what structure?

A

the CEJ

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22
Q

the free gingival groove is the junction between which 2 structures?

A

junction between free and attached gingiva

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23
Q

which gingival structure correlates to the CEJ in young, healthy adults

A

free gingival groove

only correlates in 30-40% of adults

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24
Q

oral epithelium faces the ________

A

oral cavity

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25
Q

which oral epithelium faces the tooth surface without contacting it?

A

oral sulcular epithelium

26
Q

____________ provides contact between gingiva and the tooth

A

junctional epithelium

27
Q

perio probing will show where the ________ begins

A

junctional epithelium

28
Q

what are the macroscopic limits of the free (marginal) gingiva?

A

extends from the:

free gingival margin
to the
free gingival groove

29
Q

what is the MICROscopic limit of the free (marginal) gingiva?

A

extends from the free gingival margin to the junctional epithelium

30
Q

why do we care about the limits of the free (marginal) gingiva?

A

these landmarks change from health to disease will determine the accuracy of your probe readings

31
Q

attached gingiva is mainly attached to _________

A

alveolar bone

32
Q

T/F: the width of attached gingiva is fairly constant

A

False

  • increases with age
  • widest in incisors, narrowest in premolars (maxillary)
  • mandibular lingual: narrowest in incisors, widest in molars
33
Q

what is stippling? what % of the population shows stippling?

A

small depressions on the attached gingiva

-found in 40% of adults

34
Q

what is the mucogingival junction? (MGJ)

where is it NOT found?

A

-junction between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa

NOT found in the palate (palate is keratinized)

35
Q

attached gingiva and marginal gingiva are both ______ gingiva

A

keratinized

36
Q

T/F: alveolar mucosa is keratinized

A

False: its non-keratinized

37
Q

less than ___mm of attached gingiva will greatly increase the risk for gingival recession

A

2mm

38
Q

what determines the shape of interdental papilla?

A
  • the contact relationship between adjacent teeth
  • width of approximate tooth surfaces
  • course of CEJ
39
Q

what is the “col”?

A

concavity seen in contact areas of premolar/molar region

non-keratinized epithelium

40
Q

the bottom of the gingival sulcus in a healthy mouth is positioned apical to the CEJ: when is this condition most likely to occur?

A

at 40-60 years of age

41
Q

oral epithelium is made of what type of epithelium?

A

keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium

42
Q

what are the layers of oral epithelium?

A

1) basal layer (stratum basale)
2) prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum)
3) granular cell layer (stratum granulosum)
4) keratinized cell layer (stratum corneum)

43
Q

orthokeratinized epithelium lacks what structure?

A

a nucleus

44
Q

what type of oral epithelial cells still have nuclear remnants?

A

parakeratinized

45
Q

what changes as we move from the basal layer to the granular layer of oral epithelium?

A
  • cytoplasmic tonofilaments and the # of desmosomes INCREASE

- the number of organelles DECREASES

46
Q

keratinocytes make up what % of oral epithelium? clear cells?

A

keratinocytes- 90%

clear cells- 10%

47
Q

what cell types make up the “clear cells” of the oral epithelium? what is the role of each of these cell types

A
  • melanocytes (synthesize melanin pigment)
  • langerhans cells (defense cells)
  • Merkel’s cells (sensory)
48
Q

characteristics of the basement membrane in oral epithelium:

A
  • present between basal layer of oral epithelium and the connective tissue
  • rich in glycoproteins
  • 1-2 micrometers wide
  • contains protein-polysaccharide complexes
49
Q

what are the 2 layers of the basement membrane?

A

1) lamina lucida (LL)

2) lamina densa (LD)

50
Q

which basement membrane layer sits adjacent to basal cells?

A

the lamina lucida

51
Q

the lamina densa sits adjacent to the _________

A

connective tissues

**anchoring fibers project from the lamina densa into connective tissue

52
Q

what are hemidesmosomes?

A

dense plaques that attach epithelium to the basement membrane

53
Q

what is a pair of hemidesmosomes called?

A

a desmosome

54
Q

Connective tissue projects into the epithelium, forming ________

A

connective tissue papillae

55
Q

what is the name for the epithelial ridges that intervene between CT papillae?

A

rete pegs

56
Q

when rete pegs fuse it as seen as ______

A

stippling

57
Q

where are rete pegs missing?

A

at the junctional epithelium

58
Q

what cell type is the most common defense cell of the oral epithelium?

A

Langerhans cells (a type of clear cells)

59
Q

T/F: the “col” of the oral epithelium is keratinized

A

FALSE- its non-keratinized

since it is protected from abrasive forces in the mouth, it remains non-keratinized

60
Q

what happens to the col after extraction?

A

it recedes into a flat, keratinized section of oral epithelium

perio exam 1 (8 decks)

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