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Drugs And Addiction > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mediates all behavior with influence from genes and the environment

A

The brain~~~ it’s always the brain

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2
Q

Pharmacology

A

Study of action of drugs and their effects

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3
Q

Neuropharmacology

A

Drug-induced changes in behavior (mood, thinking, how we act, how we feel

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4
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

Drug-induced changes in behavior (mood, thinking, how we act, how we feel)

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5
Q

Phineas gage

A

Asshole, frontal lobe

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6
Q

John Harlow

A

Studied the asshole. Behavioral pathology with frontal lobe damage. Prefrontal cortex

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7
Q

How do we study the brain

A 
Natural damage- PG
Experimental manipulations:
Lesions
Simulations
Recordings
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8
Q

Vmh

A

Satiety—lesion causes fat rats

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9
Q

Stimulating motor cortex

A

Gross locomotive activity such as running around the cage or fine locomotive activity such as grooming.

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10
Q

Recordings

A

Experimental manipulations

Cortical EEG for sleep monitoring
CAT
PET
MRI
fMRI
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11
Q

Experimental manipulation

A 
Recordings
White matter vs grey matter
Ventricles (more fluid or tissue)
Hippocampus (memory loss)
Basal ganglia (locomotion/motor activity)
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12
Q

Localisation of function

A

Assumes that the brain is made of a collection of many different parts; each of which mediates or controls specialized functions

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13
Q

Caveats

A

Localized but integrated

Necessary but not always necessary sufficient to only have localized and not integrated

Role in mediating drug effects

In reality networks that work in tandem

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14
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Motor activity

Lots of dopamine: cocaine works on dopamine in the basal ganglia

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15
Q

Reductionism
Vs.
Neuroreductionism

A

Explain complex materials in terms of simpler ones

Explain the brain by breaking it down into it’s smaller parts
White matter, neurons, proteins

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16
Q

Neuroreductionism two major tenets

A

1) The brain controls all behavior, therefore in order to understand behavior, it is necessary to study the brain
2) lots of other things contribute to behavior, but since the brain is always involved it is sufficient to study only the brain

17
Q

Csn

A

Brain, spinal cord

Neurons and glia

18
Q

Pns

A

Everything else

19
Q

Why are Neurons (specialized?)

A

Polarized
(different bottom compared to top)
(More negative on inside than outside)

Excitable
(They have the ability to produce electrical signals within themselves called action potentials)

Modulatory
(Can release neurotransmitters)
(To modulate other cells)

20
Q

Need ion channels to pass through the brain

A

Sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride
(Ligand gated)
(Voltage gated)

21
Q

Dendritic spines

A

Small bumps on dendrites. More ears - more root signals

22
Q

Axon hillock

A

Between soma and axon
Were the action potential begins
Concentrated with very low voltage threshold ion Channels (Na+)

23
Q

Terminal buttons

A

Synapse

Releases neurotransmitters

24
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Is the study of what the body does to

The drug

25
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Is the study of what a drug does to the body

26
Q

Where does behavior come from?

A

The brain mediates all behavior and has some influence from our genes and the environment

27
Q

What are two ways we cans study the brain?

A

Natural Damage

Experimental Manipulation

28
Q

Natural Damage ex.

A

Phineas Gage getting impaled by a metal rod that went through the front of his head; Damaging his frontal lobe more specifically prefrontal cortex of which is known to deal with operational thought. He was a really nice guy and then turned in to a mean guy that made irrational decisions and lacked critical thinking

29
Q

Experimental Manipulation ex.

A

3 types:
lesion- vmh/lha
stimulation- motor cortex
recordings- EEG recordings during sleep to see the different waves the sleep cycles have

30
Q

Reductionism

A

simplifying complex concepts as much as possible/in way that is easier to understand/ breaking it down

31
Q

Neuroreductionism

A

Breaking down the functions and structures of the brain into smaller

32
Q

Threshold dose: dose response curve

A

smallest dose that produces an effect

33
Q

ED50: dose response curve

A

dose that produces half the maximal effect

34
Q

Maximum response: dose response curve

A

assume all receptors are occupied

Drugs And Addiction (4 decks)

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