exam 3 quizzes Flashcards
According to the positive/negative symptom classification scheme for schizophrenia,
positive symptoms are made worse by drugs that increase dopamine.
Which of the following does not support the idea that CNS stimulants produce a psychosis
that strongly resembles schizophrenia?
Amphetamine makes people drowsy
In the case of identical (monozygotic) twins, they have a _______________ % concordance rate of
schizophrenia, which means that if one twin develops schizophrenia, the other twin has a
_________________ % probability of also developing schizophrenia. (the answer is on page 581 in
the 2nd edition, and on page 640 in the 3rd edition of the textbook)
48
The dopamine hypothesis states that there is too __________ dopamine in the mesolimbic area, and
this results in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
much
According to table 19.1 (in the 3rd edition of the textbook - in the 2nd edition this would be table
20.1), which of the following is a possible effect of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists?
d. all of the above can occur with dopamine d2 receptor antagonism
Clozapine is an example of an atypical antipsychotic that has reduced antagonist effects at
dopamine D2 receptors (as compared to haloperidol), and antagonist effects at _________ receptors.
(hint:In the 2nd edition, this is on page 604, in the text book around the part where they mention
figure 20.17… in the 3rd edition this is on page 663 near figure 19.14).
5-HT2
The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia:
is mostly based on how glutamate dysfunction can result in dopamine dysfunction, since
glutamate regulates dopamine function in the mesolimbic and the mesocortical pathways.
Typical antipsychotics are pretty bad, in terms of their side effects. However, one good thing that
came out of their discovery was that….
they helped reduce patient populations at public mental institutions in the United States
dramatically, improving the quality of care of the mentally ill.
The age at which most people are diagnosed with schizophrenia is between _________________.
16-25, for both men and women
Which of the following is a type of schizophrenia characterized by delusions of grandeur or
persecution?
paranoid
Which of the following events does not occur during stress activation of the
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis?
Glucocorticoids feedback to stimulate the hippocampus
Which of the following is a symptom of a major depressive episode? (hint: there is a table in the
mood disorders chapter that lists symptoms)
depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
The concordance rate for bipolar disorders is ________________ the concordance rate for
schizophrenia among identical twins.
higher than
Depressed patients….
have elevated cortisol levels
Regarding animal models, compounds used to treat depression ____________immobility me in
the Forced Swim Test (hint: there is a table in the mood disorders chapter about this)
reduce
Which of the following is a hypothesis of depression discussed in your book?
the book discusses all three of the abovementioned hypotheses
Which of the following drugs is used to treat depression?
. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
b. classic tricyclics (e.g., desipramine)
c. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs like prozac)
Which drug is used to treat the major... Question Answer Which drug is used to treat the majority of patients with bipolar disorder, at least for treatment of the mania?
. lithium carbonate
Which of the following is an example of an anticonvulsant drug that shows some effectiveness for
treating bipolar disorder?
a. Valproate
b. Carbamazepine
True or False: For Bipolar disease, treating only the mania or only the depression is sufficient.
False
According to your text book, which brain area might play a role in anxiety? Hint: figure 18.3
amygdala
b. hypothalamus
c. locus coeruleus (LC)
Some individuals experience anxiety but there is no clear cause. This anxiety can be present for
much of the day, and can persist for several months or years. These people have
Generalized anxiety disorder
Behavioral desensitization is a technique that can be used to treat _______________
specific phobias
Post traumatic stress disorder is 100% caused by environmental trauma. That is, there is no genetic
contribution to this disorder. (hint: page 527)
False
Drugs that are used to treat anxiety are
a. called anxiolytics
b. may belong to a class of drugs called “sedative-hypnotics”
c. include benzodiazepines
Which of the following is a side effect of barbiturates?
a. they induce sleep, but it is not a normal, restful kind of sleep.
b. they produce cognitive side effects
c. they increase liver enzymes, meaning metabolic tolerance occurs.
d. they produce significant physical dependence and potential for abuse.
Which anxiety disorder is actually usually treated by giving an antidepressant (like an SSRI)?
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Which neurotransmitter or hormone system is involved in anxiety?
a. norepinephrine
b. serotonin
c. dopamine
d. corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
Agoraphobia is the fear of ________________.
public places
Brain norepinephrine comes from the _________________ which communicates a lot to the
amygdala to provide a mehcnaims for generating arousal, orienting, and responding to fear-evoking
stimuli.
locus coeruleus
Benadryl (diphenhydramine) and other drugs used for similar treatments produce their drowsiness effects through their actions as antagonists at _______ receptors.
Histaminergic (H1)
Based on your knowledge about drugs of abuse from Exam 2, which drug do you think is most commonly abused by people that suffer from anxiety disorders?
Alcohol
The HPA axis is regulated by a process called [x].
The HPA axis is regulated by a process called Correct negative feedback.
The specific type of therapy used to treat specific phobias is called
The specific type of therapy used to treat specific phobias is called Correct systematic desensitization.
What are the 5 neurotransmitters/hormones that are involved in anxiety?
Serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA, Glutamate, , corticotrophin releasing hormone
Which of the following binds to glucocorticoid receptors located in the hippocampus?
Cortisol
Which behavioral psychologist created Little Albert’s phobia ?
John B. Watson
Which psychological disorder is almost always co-diagnosed with anxiety disorders?
depression
Which two drugs of abuse (hint: we discussed during Exam 2 material) produce hallucinations or psychosis?
PCP; Amphetamine
schizophrenic brains limbic system abnormalities
smaller hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, reduced blood flow in the frontal and prefrontal areas. the pyramidal cells in hippo are disoriented
