exam 3 quizzes

Question 1

According to the positive/negative symptom classification scheme for schizophrenia,

Answer 1

positive symptoms are made worse by drugs that increase dopamine.

Question 2

Which of the following does not support the idea that CNS stimulants produce a psychosis
that strongly resembles schizophrenia?

Answer 2

Amphetamine makes people drowsy

Question 3

In the case of identical (monozygotic) twins, they have a _______________ % concordance rate of
schizophrenia, which means that if one twin develops schizophrenia, the other twin has a
_________________ % probability of also developing schizophrenia. (the answer is on page 581 in
the 2nd edition, and on page 640 in the 3rd edition of the textbook)

Answer 3

48

Question 4

The dopamine hypothesis states that there is too __________ dopamine in the mesolimbic area, and
this results in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer 4

much

Question 5

According to table 19.1 (in the 3rd edition of the textbook - in the 2nd edition this would be table
20.1), which of the following is a possible effect of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists?

Answer 5

d. all of the above can occur with dopamine d2 receptor antagonism

Question 6

Clozapine is an example of an atypical antipsychotic that has reduced antagonist effects at
dopamine D2 receptors (as compared to haloperidol), and antagonist effects at _________ receptors.
(hint:In the 2nd edition, this is on page 604, in the text book around the part where they mention
figure 20.17… in the 3rd edition this is on page 663 near figure 19.14).

Answer 6

5-HT2

Question 7

The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia:

Answer 7

is mostly based on how glutamate dysfunction can result in dopamine dysfunction, since
glutamate regulates dopamine function in the mesolimbic and the mesocortical pathways.

Question 8

Typical antipsychotics are pretty bad, in terms of their side effects. However, one good thing that
came out of their discovery was that….

Answer 8

they helped reduce patient populations at public mental institutions in the United States
dramatically, improving the quality of care of the mentally ill.

Question 9

The age at which most people are diagnosed with schizophrenia is between _________________.

Answer 9

16-25, for both men and women

Question 10

Which of the following is a type of schizophrenia characterized by delusions of grandeur or
persecution?

Answer 10

paranoid

Question 11

Which of the following events does not occur during stress activation of the
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis?

Answer 11

Glucocorticoids feedback to stimulate the hippocampus

Question 12

Which of the following is a symptom of a major depressive episode? (hint: there is a table in the
mood disorders chapter that lists symptoms)

Answer 12

depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day

Question 13

The concordance rate for bipolar disorders is ________________ the concordance rate for
schizophrenia among identical twins.

Answer 13

higher than

Question 14

Depressed patients….

Answer 14

have elevated cortisol levels

Question 15

Regarding animal models, compounds used to treat depression ____________immobility me in
the Forced Swim Test (hint: there is a table in the mood disorders chapter about this)

Answer 15

reduce

Question 16

Which of the following is a hypothesis of depression discussed in your book?

Answer 16

the book discusses all three of the abovementioned hypotheses

Question 17

Which of the following drugs is used to treat depression?

Answer 17

. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

b. classic tricyclics (e.g., desipramine)
c. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs like prozac)

Question 18

Which drug is used to treat the major...
Question
Answer
Which drug is used to treat the majority of patients with bipolar disorder, at least for treatment of the
mania?

Answer 18

. lithium carbonate

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an anticonvulsant drug that shows some effectiveness for
treating bipolar disorder?

Answer 19

a. Valproate

b. Carbamazepine

Question 20

True or False: For Bipolar disease, treating only the mania or only the depression is sufficient.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

According to your text book, which brain area might play a role in anxiety? Hint: figure 18.3

Answer 21

amygdala

b. hypothalamus
c. locus coeruleus (LC)

Question 22

Some individuals experience anxiety but there is no clear cause. This anxiety can be present for
much of the day, and can persist for several months or years. These people have

Answer 22

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 23

Behavioral desensitization is a technique that can be used to treat _______________

Answer 23

specific phobias

Question 24

Post traumatic stress disorder is 100% caused by environmental trauma. That is, there is no genetic
contribution to this disorder. (hint: page 527)

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Drugs that are used to treat anxiety are

Answer 25

a. called anxiolytics
b. may belong to a class of drugs called “sedative-hypnotics”
c. include benzodiazepines

Question 26

Which of the following is a side effect of barbiturates?

Answer 26

a. they induce sleep, but it is not a normal, restful kind of sleep.
b. they produce cognitive side effects
c. they increase liver enzymes, meaning metabolic tolerance occurs.
d. they produce significant physical dependence and potential for abuse.

Question 27

Which anxiety disorder is actually usually treated by giving an antidepressant (like an SSRI)?

Answer 27

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 28

Which neurotransmitter or hormone system is involved in anxiety?

Answer 28

a. norepinephrine
b. serotonin
c. dopamine
d. corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

Question 29

Agoraphobia is the fear of ________________.

Answer 29

public places

Question 30

Brain norepinephrine comes from the _________________ which communicates a lot to the
amygdala to provide a mehcnaims for generating arousal, orienting, and responding to fear-evoking
stimuli.

Answer 30

locus coeruleus

Question 31

Benadryl (diphenhydramine) and other drugs used for similar treatments produce their drowsiness effects through their actions as antagonists at _______ receptors.

Answer 31

Histaminergic (H1)

Question 32

Based on your knowledge about drugs of abuse from Exam 2, which drug do you think is most commonly abused by people that suffer from anxiety disorders?

Answer 32

Alcohol

Question 33

The HPA axis is regulated by a process called [x].

Answer 33

The HPA axis is regulated by a process called Correct negative feedback.

Question 34

The specific type of therapy used to treat specific phobias is called

Answer 34

The specific type of therapy used to treat specific phobias is called Correct systematic desensitization.

Question 35

What are the 5 neurotransmitters/hormones that are involved in anxiety?

Answer 35

Serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA, Glutamate, , corticotrophin releasing hormone

Question 36

Which of the following binds to glucocorticoid receptors located in the hippocampus?

Answer 36

Cortisol

Question 37

Which behavioral psychologist created Little Albert’s phobia ?

Answer 37

John B. Watson

Question 38

Which psychological disorder is almost always co-diagnosed with anxiety disorders?

Answer 38

depression

Question 39

Which two drugs of abuse (hint: we discussed during Exam 2 material) produce hallucinations or psychosis?

Answer 39

PCP; Amphetamine

Question 40

schizophrenic brains limbic system abnormalities

Answer 40

smaller hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, reduced blood flow in the frontal and prefrontal areas. the pyramidal cells in hippo are disoriented