Lecture 1 Flashcards
What factors would need to be present for diagnosis of a childhood mental health disorder?
- Takes account of the child’s stage of development
- Requires symptoms and signs to have a level of severity that interferes with the child and/or parents everyday life
- Anomalies in behavior, emotion or thoughts
- Persistent for at least 2 weeks
- Take account of the sociocultural context.
Describe and discuss the issues associated with diagnosis
- May be a self-fulfilling prophecy - if they are diagnosed with a condition then it may make them feel that they have to fit that condition
- Stigma - early diagnosis may attach stigma that will last throughout their life
- Requires a professional
- Can be difficult to identify
- Labels the child
Describe and discuss the issues associated with assessment
- Is often subjective and variable
- Sometimes don’t take into account person or environmental factors
- Need to collect information from a range of sources
Describe and discuss the issues associated with treatment
- The issue surrounding medications and its provision
- Requires consent
- Can be costly
Describe and discuss the issues associated with ethics
- Confidentiality
What is resilience?
- The ability for someone to bounce back from hardship and adversity
How does resilience relate to the development of mental illness?
- Allows an individual to develop social competence, problem-solving skills, autonomy and a sense of purpose
>these are things that foster a positive mindset and a healthy lifestyle - Without resilience, a person may give up or not fight to overcome adversity - leaving them in a negative mindset that may foster negative thoughts and behaviours (e.g. low self-esteem)
- Too much resilience may be an indicator of someone trying to mask their inner conflict rather than a healthy and strong mind - is something to look out for
List 5 characteristics of resilient children
- Problem solving skills
- Positive sense of self
- Sense of humour
- Intelligence
- Empathy
What is it meant by resilience is a double edged sword?
- The appearance of resilience may not always be a good thing - it can sometimes be a mask to hide what is really going on
What does the term parentification mean?
Child taking on the parent role
Explain the following concept and give an example: risk factor
- Something that increases the likelihood of a negative event developing or occurring
E.g. Bullying or poor academic achievement
Explain the following concept and give an example: protective factor
- Something that supports positive and adaptive outcomes
E.g. support from family, positive self esteem
Explain how and why risk and protective factors change over time
- Situations are continuously changing; thus, so are protective and risk factors
Describe the OT role in CYMH
Focusses on engagement and participation and looks at things like:
- Meaning making/narrative
- Relationships
- Sensory regulation
- Occupational and roles
- Self care in mental health
- Play as occupation
- Activity analysis
- Competency/self efficacy
Where does diagnosis and formulation fit in to the OT process?
- Diagnosis: before we see the child (by a professional) or after assessment (to help inform the professional)
- Formulation: after assessment (to gain a broader picture of the child’s circumstance)
What kind of information should be gathered? (also needed for formulation process)
- Medical history
- Occupations (schools, ADLs)
- Social information (play, relationships)
- Sensory preferences
- Developmental history
Why is it important to gather information about the child’s developmental history?
- Need to look at where the child is compared to where they should be
Why would you undertake an assessment in CYMHS?
- To gain more information about the child’s abilities, development, beliefs, thought patterns, etc.
>helps to gain a broader picture of the child and the context that they are in
What sort of information can be gained from referral and why might this be important?
Information:
- Diagnosis
- Differential diagnosis
- Presenting problem
This is important to get a pre-assessment image of the child - to have some sort of knowledge and image of how they might present to help with the intervention process
What is formulation?
- Process of putting together all of the information gathered from assessments and interviews to describe how and why the child presents the way that they do
- Why this child, with these symptoms, in this family and this time
Compare and contrast the diagnostic process with the formulation process
Diagnostic:
- clinician looks at signs and symptoms that affects the client’s mood, thinking and behaviour
- must adhere to particular criteria
Formulation:
- puts together all info to guide further planning and decision making
What are the 7 P’s of formulation?
- Presenting problem
- Pattern and onset
- Predisposing factors (long standing factors that influence the child, but haven’t resulted in any issues)
- Precipitation factors (the things that have happened just before the presentation)
- Perpetuating factors
- Protective factors
- Prognosis and plan
