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Biomaterials > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

human eye can distinguish how many different colors

A

about 10 million different colors within the visible light

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2
Q

human vision is what?

A

trichromatic color vision

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3
Q

color vision defined by?

A

constructed by the VISUAL BRAIN – and NOT the property of objects

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4
Q

RGB color model

A

additive color model mixing with primary colors of red, green, and blue

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5
Q

CMYK color model

A

subtraction color model. used in color printing. combining cyan, magenta, and yellow transparent dyes/inks on white substrate.
black is added as fourth

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6
Q

Albert Munsell

A

inventor of color system

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7
Q

tooth color is seen in what color range

A

yellow and brown range

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8
Q

chroma defiens

A

color intensity or strength

like light blue to deep blue

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9
Q

value of E that will determine a noticeably different color change

A

2.3

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10
Q

Inadequacies of shade guide

A
  1. color range does not cover the entire color of natural tooth
  2. tabs are not evenly arranged in the color solid; color between neighboring tabs is unequal
  3. lack of consistency among various shade guides, different companies use different shade standards, slightly different but still significant
  4. poor match between shade tabs and their corresponding commposite shades
  5. light cure may alter after composite color differences 3.7-12.0 unit
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11
Q

describe liquid and gas matter

what holds them together?

A

held together by hydrogen bond or can der waals forces

no confined dimension

easy to deform

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12
Q

definition of phase?

examples

A

phase is a region of space with essentially uniform physical property

  • like crystalline (cubic zirconia, ice, most ceramics, metal)
  • amorphous (wax, carbon black, glass)
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13
Q

multi-phasic materials

A

IPN (interpenetration network)

composite

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14
Q

main mineral in dental enamel

A

fluoridated carbonated- calcium deficient hydroxyapetite

  • main mineral of which dental enamel and dentin are comprised
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15
Q

percent of water in mature enamel

A

less than 5

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16
Q

describe crystals in enamel

A

ribbon or needle like carbonated HAP nanocrystal

HIGHLY organized

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17
Q

What generates color

A

electromagnetic radiation (but we can only see a small fraction of this)

photon particle beam

18
Q

characteristic colors are what? frequency range?

A

red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, violet

from low to high frequency

19
Q

general description of color vision

A

a QUALITY constructed by the visual brain and NOT property of the objects.

the nervous system derives color by comparing the responses to light from the several types of cone photoreceptors in the eye

20
Q

what do differences in frequency do?

A

gives rise to a difference in perceieved hue

21
Q

noticeable differences in the wavelengths occurs where?

A

varies from about 1nm in the blue-green and yellow to about 10 nm and more in the red and blue

22
Q

describe color reproduction and why important?

A
  1. need to have man-made color production a camera can see, a printer can print, or a monitor can display
  2. edit images in a controlled, consistent manner
  3. need parameters to control the color reproducibility
  4. need coordination to express the color differences
23
Q

hue

A

dominant color of wavelength detected

24
Q

chroma

A

color intesnity ot strength

25
Q

value

A

how bright or dark a color is

26
Q

munsell color system

A

highly used in dentistry

27
Q

where is tooth color seen

A

in the yellow and brown range

28
Q

lab color spce

A

L ab is a color OPPONENT space dimension

used as an informal abbreviation for the CIE 1976 - CIELAB

designed to approximate human vision

29
Q

Lab represent what?

based on?

A

L is for lightness and a and b for the color opponent dimensions
- based on non-linearly compressed CIE XYZ color space coordinates

red/magenta and green = a*

yellow and blue =b*

30
Q

JND stands for

A

just noticable difference

this equals 2.3
- value we can recongize as a difference in the color we see

31
Q

L*coordinates range from?

A

0 to 100

32
Q

if a>0 or a<0?

A

a>0 – red direction

a<0 – green direction

33
Q

b>0 or b<0?

A

b>0– yellow direction

b<0 – blue direction

34
Q

range of a and b

A

-100 to +100 or -128 to +128

35
Q

describe the inadequacies of shade guide

A
  1. color range does NOT COVER the entire color of natural tooth
  2. tabs are not evenly arranged in the color solid - color between naeighboring tabs is unequal
  3. lack of consistency among shade guides
  4. poor match between shade guide and then the composite
  5. light cure could alter the composte color difference 3.7 to 12.0
36
Q

gloss related to?

A

surface reflectance

- and depends on the material refractive index, polishing, and surface texture

37
Q

T/F material with same color can have a different gloss?

A

True –gloss is related to surface reflectance

38
Q

translucency aka

- what kind of property

A

opacity and is an INTRINSIC property of a material

- it can influence material color appearance

39
Q

translucency parameter

A

refers to the color difference between two UNIFORM THICKNESS OF MATERIAL against black and white backgrounds and corresponds DIRECTLY TO COMMON VISUAL ASSESSMENTS of translucency

40
Q

TP of absolute opaque

A

TP=0

41
Q

what does a greater TP value mean

A

the greater the TP value, the higher the actual translucency of the material

42
Q

what are the three components of the CIELAB color space coordinate

A

hue - color
chroma - intensity
value - brightness or darkness

Biomaterials (16 decks)

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