Lecture 1

Question 1

Embryonic development of the genital system?

Answer 1

Question 2

Sperm sorting (sexing)Flow cytometer?

Answer 2

Question 3

Embryological development of the genital system?

Answer 3

Question 4

Genesis of primordial germ cells

Answer 4

Question 5

Primordial germ cells migration?

Answer 5

Question 6

Sexually indifferent stage?

Answer 6

Question 7

Male gonads differentiation Influences?

Answer 7

Question 8

Male gonads differentiation
stages (1)

Answer 8

Question 9

Male gonads differentiation
stages (2)

Answer 9

Question 10

Male gonads differentiation
stages (3)

Answer 10

Large sexual cells > Seminal line cells,

Small sexual cells > Sertoli.

Mezenchimal cells> Leydig cells, Endocrine
function, testosteron.

Question 11

Extratesticular duct formation

Answer 11

Question 12

Extern genital organ formation

Answer 12

Uro-genital synus : membranous urethra;

Genital tubercles: gland penis and urethra;

Genital burelet : scrotum and foreskin;

Müller (paramesonphrotic) ducts: regress >
„hidatida pediculata”;

Question 13

Descent (migration) of the testes (1)

Answer 13

Question 14

Descent (migration) of the testes(2)

Answer 14

Question 15

Descent (migration) of the testes (3)

Answer 15

Question 16

Descent (migration) of the testes (4)

Answer 16

Question 17

Development of female
reproductive tract

Answer 17

Question 18

Fetal sexing
day 59-68

Answer 18

Question 19

Disorders?

Answer 19

Cryptorchidism uni /bilateral;

Ectopic testicle;

Freemartins;

Double uterus, double cervix;

Congenital hypoplasia;

Vaginal and cervical atresia etc.

Question 20

Anatomic Structures:

Female gonads (ovaries)

Genital tract:

Answer 20

Question 21

The ovary Ovarian cycle?

Answer 21

Question 22

Ovarian cortex?

Answer 22

Question 23

Ovarian medulla?

Answer 23

Question 24

Ovary

Answer 24

Question 25

Ovary?

Answer 25

Question 26

Oogenesis and folliculogenesis

Answer 26

Germinal cells undergo meyosis just after sex differentiation It stops in diploten stage (first meiotic division)

Question 27

The growth of oocytes occurs in how many phases?

Answer 27

Question 28

Folliculogenesis?

Answer 28

In the active pubertal ovary, the follicular system has two main functions: the maturation of ooocytes the production of ovarian steroids. In the development of ooocytes, they are found in a latent phase, maturation takes place throughout the life of the adult female, the processes can be regulated according to the number of existing ooocytes in the ovaries at birth. The blocking of the oocyte development, until LH peaks, is determined by the presence in the follicular fluid of a "meiosis inhibiting factor”, which is a relatively small protein molecule that disappears with the LH surge Complete physiological maturation of oocytes occurs in the 6-8 hours after this increase

Question 29

The production of ovarian steroids?

Answer 29

* *Follicular fluid** is produced by **granulosa cells** and * *blood transsudate** Contains **gonadotropic hormones:** **FSH** in constant concentration **LH** varies with the sudden increase in the preovulatory follicle. _The liquid contains steroid hormones :_ **androgens** have the highest values​​. **androstenedione** reach 300-800 ng / ml, **testosterone** 15-20 ng / ml **dehidropiandrosteron** to **NGR** 150-300 / ml. **Estrogens increase gradually in the absence of very small tertiary follicles** **In preovulatory follicle reach 1-2 ng / ml. Will determine** **hyperemia processes** **congestion and hyper secretion in the uterus,** **Manifestation of secondary sexual characteristics (heat behaviour).**

Question 30

Follicular atresia?

Answer 30

The **first changes** appears in the **granulosa** **Follicular fluid** becomes **cloudy** It affects over **50%** of foll. bigger than 1 mm **Affecting all** categories **of follicles** Appreciation is histologically histochemical ***_Forms of atresia:_*** Estrogen-secreting cystic Follicles Pleated Follicles secrete progesterone **_Resulting ovary interstitialc ells endocrine role_**

Question 31

FOLICUL ATRETIC

Answer 31

The size of the follicle can be evaluated by rectal palpation; In the cow, the size of mature follicles reach 15-20 mm In the mare 20-70 mm. In medium and small animals through laparotomy or endoscopy, ultrasound Preovulatory follicles in sheep and sow ; size between 8-10 mm 2-3 mm small animals. By microscopic examination is possible to observe all categories of follicles