lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

why did cells evolve to have sub-cellular compartments?

A
  • it increases the efficiency of compartments, e.g. is optimum conditions/PH for an enzyme
  • it increases specialisations and functions within the cell
  • lysosomal compartment protects rest of cell from low PH
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2
Q

How are organelles maintained?

A

maintained by delivery of components via vesicles and tubules (e.g. retrieval and recycling )

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3
Q

what are the common motifs in membrane traffiking?

A
  • a signal - required for component to go to right place
  • coats
  • GTPases (regulators)
  • recycling
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4
Q

what is clathrin?

A

a molecular coat - used to shape the plasma membrane and forms clathrin coated pits during endocytosis, which are then pinched of by DYNAMIN.

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5
Q

what are the clathrin like proteins?

A

COP I- used by cis golgi

COP II - used by ER

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6
Q

What direction do vesicles move in golgi during secretion?

A

move from CIS golgi to Trans golgi (on way to PM)

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7
Q

What is the point in different types of coating proteins?

A

it allows specialisation and segregation between different cellular compartments/ different transport

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8
Q

Give some features of small GTPases in membrane traffiking

A
  • They are involved in signal regulation in traffiking.
  • small monomeric 21KDa proteins.
  • can bind and hydrolyse GTP
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9
Q

how are small GTPases targetting to membranes?

A

They have post translational lipid modifications which target them to certain sites in membranes

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10
Q

Give some examples of small GTPases

A
  • Rho
  • Rac
  • cdc42
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11
Q

what happens in Rho mutants?

A

actin cytoskeleton effected

-constitutively active forms stress fibres

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12
Q

what happens in ras mutants?

A

constitutivley active- ruffles of filopodia formation

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