Lecture 1 Flashcards
Standard cell cycle characteristics:
Produces two identical daughter cells
Coupling of cell growth and cell proliferation
cell cycle fidelity?
faithfully passing on the correctly replicated DNA (correct segregation of chromosomes).
ensured by coupling between cell growth and proliferation.
Controlled by extracellular signals.
Four major tasks:
1) growth
2) DNA replication
3) segregating chromosmes
4) divide
What is the interphase made up off?
G0 (resting)
G1 (growth and monitoring of environment)
S (DNA synthesis - one per cycle)
G2 (safety gap)
What is the mitosis phase made up off?
Mitosis (diviosion of the nucleus)
Cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)
What is used for Pulse labeling of DNA?
^3H-thymidin and BrdU (T analog)
What is FACS?
Flourescence-activated cell sorter - also called flow cytometri - measures amount of DNA in each cell - dye binds to DNA. Able to see number of cells at what stage in cell cycle.
Examples of non standard cell dycle
1) Meiotic
2) Early embryogenisis
3) assymetric cell division
Classical checkpoints figure:
Se tegnet figur.
What model systems have we spoken about?
1) Frog embryo
2) Yeast
3) Cultured cells
4) Drosophilia, C. elegans
Advantages of yeast:
1) Excellent genetics
2) Rapid cell cycle
3) Evolutionary conserved cell funtion
4) Visual markers for cell cycle position
5) Complete genome
6) Easy to grow
Advantages of frog oocytes:
1) simple division
2) synchronous
3) can be done in vitro
Advantages of cultured cells:
1) continous and uniform source of cells
2) large quantity
but:
cell behavior is changed in culture.
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
Serum has growth factor (a result of clotting)
Estimation of the length of the different fases:
Mitotic index: Finds the length of the M-fase, morphology based, basically the looks at the doubling time compared to the amount of cells in the M-fase.
Labeling index: S-fase. The incorporation of radioactive marked nucleotides.
FACS.
