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Kinesiology and Pathomechanics > Lecture #1 > Flashcards

Lecture #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an open-packed (loose) position?

A

When the capsule is relaxed, there is the most room in the joint, most fluid in the joint, and when there is the greatest joint play (aka the joint is a loose as it can be)

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2
Q

What is a closed-packed position?

A

When there is hardly any seperation–only slight separation can occur with traction.

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3
Q

What is a zero position?

A

Anatomical position

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4
Q

Where do we take ROM measurements from?

A

From zero positoin.

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5
Q

What is the actual resting position?

A

Whatever position we refer to relax in

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6
Q

What is the physiological end feel?

A

Characteristic feeling at the end of ROM of a joint

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7
Q

How many types of end feels are there? What are they?

A

3:
Soft: tissue approximation or soft tissue stretch
Firm: capsular or ligamentous stretching
Hard: bony or cartilaginous block

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8
Q

What is an example of a soft end feel?

A

Muscle interphase

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9
Q

What is an example of a firm end feel?

A

Most joints & ligaments

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10
Q

What is an example of a hard end feel?

A

Bony contact (as during elbow extension)

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11
Q

How do we grade joint motion?

A

0-6 scale

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12
Q

On the scale of joint motion, which numbers do 0-2 represent?

A

Hypomobility
0= no movement
1= considerably decreased movement
2= slightly decreased movement

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13
Q

On the scale of joint motion, what does a 3 represent?

A

Normal motion

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14
Q

On the scale of joint motion, what does 4-6 represent?

A

Hypermobility
4= slightly increased movement
5= considerably increased movement
6= complete instability

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15
Q

What is the purpose of joint mobs?

A

To try and decrease pain or increase mobility

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16
Q

When do we not use joint mobs?

A

If the joint is already hypermobile

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17
Q

What is the use of hands-on techniques to evaluate, treat, and improve the status of neuromuscular conditions?

A

Manual therapy

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18
Q

True or false:

The patient can stop the motion during a joint mob

A

True

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19
Q

What is joint mobilization?

A

Passive movement of a joint to relieve pain or restore mobility using physiological or accessory movements

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20
Q

What is a joint 5 mob?

A

A manipulation–this is outside the scope of our practice.

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21
Q

What are they two types of joint motion?

A

Physiological and accessory

22
Q

What type of joint motion is accessory?

A

Arthrokinematic

23
Q

What type of joint motion is physiological?

A

Osteokinematic (bone motion)

24
Q

What is movement that can be performed voluntarily by the patient?

A

Osteokinematic (flexion, extension, abductinon, etc.)

25
Q

What are movements that are not voluntary or controlled but necessary for normal joint movements?

A

Arthrokinematics (joint play-laxity, gliding, translation, etc.)

26
Q

What occurs when the two surfaces of the joint are pulled apart? What about when there is a decrease in the space between the two joint surfaces?

A

Distraction; compression

27
Q

What does distraction of a joint do?

A

Decrease pain

28
Q

What does compression of a joint do?

A

Add stability

29
Q

What is the convex-concave rule?

A 
Convex= opposite
Concave= same
30
Q

What is the swing of a joint?

A

The bone movement (the moving limb)

31
Q

Where is the treatment plane?

A

Passes through the joint and lies at a right angle to a line running from the axis of rotation (of convex segment) to the middle of the contacting articular surface

32
Q

True or false:

The treatment plane moves with the convex segment?

A

False–it moves with the concave segment

33
Q

In terms of treatment plane, where should joint mobs occur?

A

Parallel or perpendicular to the treatment plane

34
Q

What type of motion occurs perpendicular to the treatment plane?

A

Distraction

35
Q

What type of motion occur parallel to the treatment plane?

A

Gliding (translation)

36
Q

What are some indication for joint mobs? (x5)

A 
Joint hypomobility
Abnormal arthrokinematic motion
Pain
Muscle spasm/guarding
Testing/evaluation
37
Q

What are the contraindications for joint mobs? (x 8)

A 
Undiagnosed lesion
Joint hypermobility
Joint ankylosis
Unhealed fracture
Inflammatory arthritis
Osteoporosis
Joint effusion
Considerable pain
38
Q

What are neurophysiologial effects of joint mobs? (x3)

A

Stimulate mechanoreceptors (decrease pain)
Stimulate inhibition of nociception (increase relaxation)
Affect muscle spasm/guarding

39
Q

What are the nutritional effects of joint mobs?

A

Moves synovial fluid (replenish joint surfaces)

Movement improves nutritional exchange

40
Q

What are the mechanical effects of joint mobs?

A

Improve mobility in restricted joints (plastic changes)

Break or loosen adhesions

41
Q

True or false:

Repeaded cracking of a joint can cause a thickening of the joint capsule and reduce ROM

A

True

42
Q

How many grades of joint mobs are there for sustained?

A

3

43
Q

How many grades of joint mobs are there for oscillation?

A

4

44
Q

Describe the grades of sustained mobs.

A 
1= traction/loosening
2= traction and gliding (tightening)
3= traction and gliding (stretching)
45
Q

Which of the grades of mobs are done for pain? For restriction?

A

Pain= 1 and 2

Restriction=3 and (4 just oscillation)

46
Q

Describe the grades of oscillation mobs.

A

1= tugging rhymthm (20-25% of joint range)
2=pulling a little further (from beginning of joint range to middle of joint range)
3=mobing to the restriction (from middle of jointrange to end)
4= small oscillations at the very end of available joint play range

47
Q

What phenonmeon does sustained mobs use?

A

Creep

48
Q

What is creep?

A

Low load, long duration

49
Q

How long do you hold a sustained mob?

A

30-60 sec for 3-6 sets

50
Q

What phenomenon does oscillation mobs use?

A

Hysteresis

51
Q

What is hysteresis?

A

Repeated low load, short duration

52
Q

How long do you do oscillations for?

A

3-6 sets of 20-60 secs each at a rate of 1-3 oscillations per second

Kinesiology and Pathomechanics (9 decks)

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