Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 main testing concepts?
Question, Method, Results, and Interpretation.
Define Reliability.
The consistency or repeatability of an observation under the same conditions.
Define Validity and give the 3 characteristics that it is dependent on.
Validity is the degree of truthfulness of a test score. The 3 characteristics are:
- Reliability (Cannot have validity without reliability, but can have reliability without validity)
- Relevance
- Appropriateness of scores
Define Construct.
Theoretical representation of a characteristic of people.
Describe a Direct Test and give an example.
Measures the actual construct of interest. An example would be testing VO2max and measuring using a maximum oxygen uptake machine.
Describe an Indirect Test and give an example.
Measure a construct known to be related to the actual construct of interest. An example would be predicting VO2max from a Leger’s 20m shuttle run.
Define Test Battery.
A serious of tests put together to answer a question
Define Criterion score and provide three methods for obtaining criterion measures.
The measure used to indicate a person's ability. Methods for obtaining measures: -Actual Participation -Known Valid Criterion -Expert Judges
What are the two types of reliability? Describe them.
Stability
- scores do not change across days
- Used to calculate a stability reliability coefficient
Internal-consistency
- Evaluator gives at least two trials of the test within a day
-Changes in the score between trials indicates poor reliability
- Benefit: All measurements are taken within the same day
Name 3 factors that contribute to low stability.
- The people tested may perform differently (the participant)
- The measuring instrument may operate or be applied differently (the equipment)
- The person administering the measurement may change (The tester)
List 7 factors that affect reliability.
SNITTES
- Scoring accuracy
- Number of test trials
- Test difficulty
- Instructions
- Testing Environment
- Equipment
- State of mind of person being tested
The internal-consistency reliability coefficient is not comparable to the stability reliability coefficient. Why?
Because the IC reliability coefficient is almost always higher
What is objectivity?
Rater/judge reliability
What are the factors affecting objectivity?
-The clarity of the scoring system and the degree to which the judge can assign score accurately
Can a test be valid if it is not reliable?
No
What does validity find valid?
The interpretation based on the the test scores are what is valid.
What do you need to have validity?
The test must be reliable and relevant
What are the 4 types of validity evidence?
- Logical (Face validity)
- No statistical evidence involved - Content
- very subjective
- No statistical evidence involved. - Criterion (statistical or correlation validity)
- Construct
What are the subdivisions of criterion-related evidence?
Concurrent validity (same time) and predictive validity (in the future)
When should the preliminary instructions be provided to the client?
48 hours
What are two things you should check for with the equipment before the test is administered?
Ensure calibration and check equipment for safety and proper function
Why screen?
-Professional, Legal, and ethical
What 5 items should you include in the screening?
- PAR-Q
- Consent Form
- Observations
- Resting HR measurements
- Resting BP measurements
How often should equipment be calibrated?
every 6 months
What is calibration?
A comparison between measurements.
On is of known magnitude (Standard) and one of unknown magnitude (test instrument)
When does Consequential validity happen?
Occurs when group differences in test scores occur because of a bias or measuring additional skills that are not part of the construct
Construct Underreprensentation, What is it?
It is when a construct is described too narrowly.
Name three characteristics of a good norm value.
- values published by a reputable source
- Test administered by certified individuals
- Type of test and protocol used
- Definition of population being compared to
- Demographics of population being compared
Considering the cycle ergometer, how many kpm in a joule?
0.102 kpm per joule
What are the equations for work and Power?
work = force x distance Power = work/time
How many kpm/min are there in a watt?
6.12 kpm/min/watt
Name the two ways of measuring Energy Expenditure.
Direct calorimetry and Indirect calorimetry
What is the equation for percent net efficiency during cycle ergometry?
% net efficiency = [work output/ energy expended (above rest)] x 100%
How many kpm/min in a kJ?
101.8 kpm/min = 1 kJ
What is the relationship between work rate and energy expenditure?
curvilinear
