Aerobic Fitness Flashcards
What is CR fitness?
The ability to complete moderate-high intensity exercise using larger muscle groups for a prolonged period of time.
what is VO2max?
Functional ability of the CR system
or the rate of oxygen uptake during maximal exercise
Are power and capacity the same?
No. Power is time based and capacity is the total volume of work you can do.
What is the difference between VO2max and VO2peak?
VO2max plateaus and is maintained for several minutes
VO2peak has no plateau and is not maintained
-used more for describing the intensity of the task.
What kind of relationship is there between workload and VO2?
Linear
What is the relationship between body weight and VOmax?
they are inversely proportional for relative VO2max
T or F. Larger people will have a higher absolute VO2max
True
What age groups are at moderate risk if they have 2 or more risk factors identified on the PAR-Q?
Men >/= 45 and women >/= 55.
Who is classified as high risk during maximal and sub-maximal tests?
any individuals with one or more signs or symptoms of CV and pulmonary disease.
Name two direct measure tests.
Treadmill and ergometer
Name 5 indirect measurement tests.
mCaft, 20mSR, 1.5 mile run, Bruce treadmill test, Ebbeling treadmill test, Astrand cycle test,
YMCA cycle test.
What are the assumptions between HR, PO, and VO2 for indirect tests?
That they are direct and linear in relation between each other.
What are the assumptions for sub-maximal indirect predictions for VO2?
They assume that after the sub-max is reached that the VO2 or HR will continue along the same slope.
What are a few characteristics of a good maximal test?
- VO2 plateaus
- HR plateau
- RER> 1.14
- Venous lactate >8mmol/L
- RPE >17
- Volitional fatigue
What is a good way of increasing anaerobic threshold?
interval training
what are the ranges for O2 and CO2 percentages in the calibration gas?
15-17% O2
3-5% CO2
What does STPD stand for?
Standard Temperature (0 degrees celcius), Pressure (760 mmHg), Dry (No water vapour)
What does BTPS stand for?
Body Temperature (37 degrees), ambient Pressure, Saturated with water vapour
What does ATPS stand for?
Ambient temperature (~20 degrees), ambient pressure, Saturated
What are the Pros to Direct treadmill and cycle erg maximal tests?
Lots of comparative research Set protocol - known to be valid and reliable Motivation possible Automatic controls Other info possible (eg. RER)
What are the Cons to Direct treadmill and cycle erg maximal tests?
VO2max tends to be 10% lower for cycle compared to the treadmill for regular population
Intimidating for non-athletic pop.
Expensive
Time consuming
Assuming peak is max if no plateau is observed
Highly electronic
Assumes client is able to physiologically push to max
What is the population best suited for a direct treadmill and cycle erg max test?
Athletic populations for who the results are meaningful
Clinical because you have accurate results and it allows for other measures during a stress test
What are the pros to Cooper’s 1.5 mile run?
Research available for norms Good for diverse populations and large groups Can obtain a field max HR Inexpensive portable Faster turnover Competition provided by a large group Measures performance/ability to achieve high levels of effort
What are the cons to Cooper’s 1.5 mile run?
No universal surface Not as much extra information Learning curve to the pacing Self measure of HR Predictor Running is not safe for everyone
What are the assumptions made in Cooper’s 1.5 mile run?
Clients are going to volitional fatigue
The person with the higher VO2 will be the fastest in performance
Efficiency of anthropometrics are equal
Efficiency biomechanics are equal
What is the best suited population for Cooper’s test?
Athletic/active, large pop. such as teams, educational settings, occupational settings
Pros for the mCaft.
Inexpensive
Portable
Submaximal - accessible for many fitness levels
Easy to administer
More of an everyday functional movement than running/cycling
Cons for the mCaft
The music - HAHAHA
Not suitable for low flexibility, balance
Clients with no rhythm
Submaximal prediction
Not as easy for the client to understand connection to fitness
Assumptions with mCaft
Assuming a linear relationship between HR and VO2 at every intensity level
Assuming we know work rates
HR reflects the workload
Norm values are representative
Calves do not fatigue before energy system
Population best suite for mCaft
Occupational and educational setting
Not great for elderly or very athletic people
good alternative to running or cycling
Pros for 20mSR
large groups can be tested at once relates well to lots of sports inexpensive and portable norms available competitive easy protocol can measure max HR
Cons for 20mSR
Timing and pacing can be difficult for some
Need a large space
motivation plays a role
Learning curve
requires referees for the lines
underpredicts for high VO2, overpredicts for low VO2
Reputation
Assumptions with 20mSR
VO2 and work rate have a linear relationship
True VO2 is reached
Good performance is due to high VO2 and not another factor
Population best suited for the 20mSR
Athletic population, large groups (teams), not suitable for injuries (knee and ankle)
Pros for Ebbeling Treadmill test
Low risk
only 8 minutes
Walking
Cons for Ebbeling treadmill test
predictive based on assumptions
Expensive
No rhythm required
Equations based on categories that are undefined
Requires a trained professional administer
Assumptions with the Ebbeling test
Age-predicted HRmax
Walking speed based on gender, age and fitness level
Relationship between HR and VO2 is linear
“ “ HR and work rate is linear
Steady state is achieved before measuring HR
Differences in HR is due to fitness not efficiency of movement
Population best suited for Ebbeling test
clinical occupational educational good for non-athletes, non-active pop. Injured Elderly
What are 4 assumptions made for submaximal tests?
- Steady state HR is achieved and is consistent for each exercise work rate.
- Linear relationship of HR and VO2
- Mechanical efficiency is constant among individuals
- HRmax for clients of a given age is similar
What is the actual relationship of HR and VO2
It is linear for low to moderate exercise and becomes curvilinear at high work rates.
