lecture 1

Question 1

every living organism is made up of what six elements?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur

Question 2

Valence?

Answer 2

the number of covalent bonds it can form

Question 3

What do biomolecules vary by?

Answer 3

Their functional group attached to their carbon chain

Question 4

How are carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids formed?

Answer 4

the stepwise polymerization of monomers

Question 5

are lipids polymers?

Answer 5

no, but they are classified as macromolecules due to their high molecular weight.

Question 5

General formula of a carbohydrate?

Answer 5

(CH2O)n

Question 6

Dehydration/ condensation reaction

Answer 6

synthesizing a polymer

Question 6

Hydrolysis

Answer 6

Breaking down a polymer

Question 6

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 6

Are long polymers of repeating monosaccharide units

Question 6

What are monosaccharides ?

Answer 6

Simple sugars that are either aldehydes or ketones

Question 7

What suffix is used to form the names of sugars?

Answer 7

• ose

Question 8

What are the cellular functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Structural eg. chitin, cellulose
Source of carbon and energy

Question 9

What are the functions of a polysaccharide determined by ?

Answer 9

Its sugar monomers and the position of its glycosidic linkages.

Question 10

Which can humans digest- starch or cellulose?

Answer 10

starch

Question 11

Do lipids mix with water?

Answer 11

No, they are hydrophobic

Question 12

What are the most biologically important lipids?

Answer 12

Fats, phospholipids and steroids

Question 13

Cellular functions of lipids?

Answer 13

Components of membranes, can act as signalling molecules, energy storage

Question 14

What are saturated fats saturated with?

Answer 14

Hydrogen

Question 15

Why are unsaturated fats not saturated with hydrogen?

Answer 15

Because of the carbon double bond

Question 16

What forms the core of the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 16

Hydrophobic tails

Question 17

What are proteins polymers of?

Answer 17

Amino acids

Question 18

Where does the difference in proteins come from?

Answer 18

The R group - the side chain

Question 19

Function of enzymatic proteins?

Answer 19

Selective acceleration of chemical reactions
eg. digestive enzymes

Question 20

Function of defensive proteins?

Answer 20

Protection against disease
eg. antibodies

Question 21

Function of storage proteins?

Answer 21

Storage of amino acids
eg. casein

Question 22

Function of transport proteins?

Answer 22

Transport of substances
eg. hemoglobin

Question 23

Function of hormonal proteins?

Answer 23

Coordination of an organisms activities
eg. insulin

Question 24

Function of receptor proteins?

Answer 24

Response of cell to chemical stimuli

Question 25

Function of contractile and motor proteins?

Answer 25

Movement
eg. actin and myosin (muscles)

Question 26

Function of structural proteins?

Answer 26

Support
eg. keratin

Question 27

How can proteins have so many functions?

Answer 27

The specific sequence of amino acids allow for diverse structures which creates diverse functions

Question 28

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 28

Deoxyribonucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid

Question 29

What are DNA and RNA polymers of?

Answer 29

Nucleotides

Question 30

Where are genes located?

Answer 30

chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 31

What are nucleotides made up of?

Answer 31

a nitrogen-containing base
a five carbon sugar (pentose)
a phosphate group

Question 32

What contains the information in DNA?

Answer 32

the bases