Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is an Autotroph?
An organism that produce organic compounds from simple inorganic materials
What is a Heterotroph?
An organism that obtains their energy by consuming compounds produced by others sources.
What is a Photoautotroph?
An organism that harvests light energy to create organic compounds.
What is a Chemoautotroph?
An organism that uses chemical energy (CO2, H2, S & High temp.) to create organic compounds.
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?
This theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts in today’s eukaryotic cells were once separate prokaryotes.
How did the ‘green plant’ lineage occur according to the endosymbiotic theory?
A eukaryote (with a mitochondrion) engulfed an autrophic prokaryote which became integrated and eventually evolved into a membrane-bound organelle, the plastid.
What is secondary endosymbiosis?
It is when a single called eukaryote engulfs another eukaryote cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis. This engulfed cell becomes dependent on the larger cell.
How are primary and secondary endosymbiosis different from each other?
Secondary endosymbiosis only occurs when the engulfed cell has already undergone primary endosymbiosis. Therefore there are more than two sets of membranes surrounding the chloroplasts.
Which features of Cyanobacteria allow them to be likely ancestral candidates for chloroplasts?
Need to ask about this?!
What are stromatolites?
They are layered sedimentary formations that are created mainly by photosynthetic microorganisms such as Cyanobacteria.
What are the ‘colony form’ green algae?
- Chlorophyta Eukaryotic
- Free living forms
- Subcellular “organelles”
What are Charophytes?
They are a group of green algae.
What role might Charophytes have played in the evolution of land plants?
Their ancestral lineage gave rise to land plants. They adapted to terrestrial conditions.
What is the “Alterations of Generations” ?
This refers to the two adult forms all multicellular plants alternate between: a haploid generation and a diploid generation.
