Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is Pharmacology? What are 2 key concepts.
The science of drugs and their effects on the body.
Drug: Any substance that alters biological function.
Therapeutics: The study of drug treatment for diseases.
What is Pharmacokinetics
How the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs (ADME).
What is Pharmacodynamics
How drugs affect the body, including mechanisms of action.
What are the Poperties of an Ideal Drug.
Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity
Reversible Action
Predictably
Ease of administration
Minimal interaction
Low cost
Chemically stable
What are Nursing Processes in Pharmacology?
Assessment
Analysis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
6 Rights of Medication Administration
Right Patient
Right Drug
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Time
Right Documentation
What are some Nursing Practices in Pharmacology
Assessment
Education
Monitoring
Advocacy
Documentation
What are the Drug Schedules (I-V)
Schedule I: High potential for abuse, no accepted medical use (e.g., Heroin, LSD).
Schedule II: High potential for abuse, accepted medical use with restrictions (e.g., Oxycodone, morphine).
Schedule III: Moderate potential for abuse, accepted medical use (e.g., Anabolic steroids).
Schedule IV: Low potential for abuse, accepted medical use (e.g., Alprazolam).
Schedule V: Lower potential for abuse, accepted medical use (e.g., cough preparations with codeine).
What are Agonists and Antagonists
Agonists: Activate receptors to produce a desired effect (e.g., Morphine).
Antagonists: Block receptors, preventing activation (e.g., Naloxone).
Types of Antagonists
Competitive Antagonists: Bind reversibly to the same receptor (e.g., Atenolol).
Non-competitive Antagonists: Bind irreversibly or alter the receptor (e.g., Phenoxybenzamine).
Grapefruit Juice Effect
Grapefruit juice can interact with many medications, affecting how the body metabolizes and absorbs them. This can cause the wrong amount of a drug to be in the body, which can lead to side effects or make the drug less effective.
Key Terms Related to Adverse Drug Events (ADEs)
Side Effect: Unintended, often mild effects (e.g., drowsiness).
Toxicity: Harmful effects from an overdose (e.g., liver damage from acetaminophen).
Allergic Reaction: Immune response to a medication (e.g., rash, anaphylaxis).
Idiosyncratic Effect: Unpredictable reactions unique to an individual.
Paradoxical Effect: Opposite response than expected (e.g., agitation from a sedative).
Identifying Adverse Drug Events (ADEs)
Monitoring: Regularly assess for signs of adverse reactions.
Patient Education: Teach patients about potential side effects.
Geriatric Patients and ADEs
Higher Incidence of ADEs because of
Aging: Alters pharmacokinetics (ADME).
Polypharmacy: Increased number of medications raises interaction risks.
Poor Adherence: Complex regimens lead to missed doses.
Education: Ongoing patient education is crucial.
