Lecture 1 Flashcards
Define: CNS
programs, coordinates and regulates voluntary
muscle action, utilizing multimodal sensory input and feedback circuitry
Define: PNS
relays motor & sensory signals needed for control
Define: Frailty
A medical syndrome with multiple causes and contributors
that is characterised by diminished strength, endurance, and reduced physiologic function that
increases an individual’s vulnerability for developing increased dependency and/or death.”
Define: Golfer’s handicap
a number that is continuously
adjusted to represent the golfer’s current ability based on
their previous best 8 of most recent 20 golf round scores
lower the number, the better
Describe the frailty trajectory graph
As you age, you experience increasing dysregulation of biological function/homeostasis and decreasing physical function and independence.
Biologic function and homeostasis tends to worsen linearly, whereas decreasing physical function and independence is less so. This is because humans tend to recover slightly from decrements to physical function (ex: falls), but will still continue to succumb to age overtime.
Factors that worsen biologic function and homeostasis: physiological vulnerability, risk factors, chronic illness, organ function decline, decreased physiologic reserve, organ and system dysregulation, comorbidities, and multi-system organ failure
Factors that worsen physical function and independence: isolated functional decline (hip fracture?), progressive functional decline (osteoarthritis), multiple dependence on ADLs, disability, incapacitation
The golfer’s handicap was worse after cataract surgery - why?
After cataract surgery, your vision isn’t completely restored and you will still need glasses. Eye doctors often recommend waiting around 6 weeks after your surgery before having your eyes tested and getting new glasses. It’s important to wait for your eyes to fully heal and your vision to stabilize before getting a new prescription.
What affects joint stiffness?
Muscle agonist and antagonist activity
Define: embolic stroke
blood clot in brain causes death of brain tissue due to lack of blood supply
Describe: Spastic hemiplegic walking
- Asymmetric, slow, laborious, energy costly
- Paralyzed foot can stumble
- Balance is precarious
- Uneven terrain causes even more trouble
- Can’t walk as far
Differentiate between:
- task-specific intention tremor
- focal dystonia (yips)
- task-specific tremor
Intention tremor only appears when starting a movement toward a target.
Focal dystonia is a neurological condition that
affects a muscle or group of muscles in a specific
part of the body, causing involuntary muscular
contractions and/or abnormal postures.
Task-specific tremor only appears when performing highly-skilled tasks.
Why is an arm lock grip helpful for those with focal dystonia?
Overall: Arm-lock putting significantly reduced variability in the putter face angles at impact
Detailed: Reduces deviation in clubface rotation, loft, and lie angle at impact for golfers with yips, without yips, and non golfers
