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Information Management > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

information overload

A

The capacity of individuals
and systems within an
organization to derive value
from information is
exceeded by the volume
and complexity of
information

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2
Q

knowledge workers

A

A term referring to
employees who spend a
large part of their time
searching, analysing and
disseminating information
within an organization

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3
Q

business processes

A

The activities undertaken
by organizations to develop
and deliver products or
services to stakeholders

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4
Q

business intelligence

A

Internal information about
the performance of an
organization reviewed at
either a detailed or
summary level

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5
Q

business performance management

A

A process for improving
the performance of
organizations based on
performance metrics

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6
Q

market intelligence

A

External information about
a specific market which
is used to understand a
company’s competitive
position

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7
Q

business information management

A

The process of managing
information as a strategic
resource for improving
organizational
performance. This process
involves developing
strategies and introducing
systems and controls to
improve information quality
to deliver value

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8
Q

data

A

Discrete, objective facts
about events. Data are
transformed into
information by adding
value through context,
categorization,
calculations, corrections
and condensation

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9
Q

information

A

Organized data, meaningful
and contextually relevant.
Used for decision making

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10
Q

information system

A

A computerized or manual
system to capture data and
transform them into
information and/or
knowledge

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11
Q

information and communication technology (ICT or IT)

A

The software applications,
computer hardware and
networks used to create
information systems

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12
Q

knowledge

A

The combination of data
and information to which is
added expert opinion, skills
and experience to result in
a valuable asset which can
be used to make decisions

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13
Q

information audit

A

An approach to reviewing
and improving information
usage – information quality
within an organization

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14
Q

information policy

A

A formal declaration of
how information
management will be
managed and information
quality will be improved
within an organization

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15
Q

business data

A

Detailed objective facts
about events or items
related to business
processes and the external
environment

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16
Q

business event

A

A financial or non-financial
transaction within or
between organizations that
happens at a point in time

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17
Q

business information

A

Data that have been
transformed into a
meaningful, organized
form relevant to those who
require it to manage
business processes

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18
Q

systems theory

A

A model of the
interdependence between
different elements or
resources in organizations
and the natural world

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19
Q

system

A

A collection of interrelated
components that work
together towards a
collective goal

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20
Q

environment

A

The external influence on a
system with which it
interacts

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21
Q

inputs

A

The physical and virtual
resources that feed into a
system

22
Q

outputs

A

The physical and virtual
products that are created
by a system

23
Q

transformation process

A

The mechanism by which
inputs are transformed into
outputs

24
Q

feedback

A

Output that is used to
evaluate the performance
of a system

25
Q

control

A

Changes to a system
through modification of
system inputs or resources

26
Q

micro-environment

A

Specific forces on an
organization generated by
its stakeholders

27
Q

macro-environment

A

Broader forces affecting all
organizations in the
marketplace such as social,
technological, economic,
political and legal

28
Q

environmental scanning or sensing

A

The process of
continuously monitoring
the environment and
events and responding
accordingly

29
Q

internet

A

A global network of
computers across the
globe. It consists of the
infrastructure of network
servers and
communication links
between them that are
used to hold and transport
information between the
client computers such as
PCs and the web servers
storing the information

30
Q

world wide web

A

A technique for publishing
information on the
Internet. The web is
accessed through web
browsers which display
web pages of embedded
graphics and HTML- or
XML-encoded text

31
Q

search engines

A

Automated tools known as
‘spiders’ or ‘robots’ index
registered sites. Users use
a search engine by typing a
key phrase and are
presented with a list of
pages from the index
ranked by relevance to the
key phrase

32
Q

invisible web

A

Web pages not accessible
by search engines since
they are dynamically
generated from specialized
searchable databases or
deliberately or accidentally
excluded

33
Q

intranet

A

A private network within a
single organization using
Internet standards to
enable employees to share
information using e-mail
and web publishing

34
Q

extranet

A

Formed by extending
selected intranet services
beyond an organization to
its customers, suppliers
and collaborators

35
Q

information lifecycle

A

The sequence of activities
involved in information
management from creation
through to permanent
deletion of information

36
Q

competitive intelligence (CI)

A

A process that transforms
disaggregated information
into relevant, accurate and
usable strategic knowledge
about competitors,
position, performance,
capabilities and intentions

37
Q

records management

A

The process of managing
the creation and
maintenance of and access
to documents and records
about individuals and
events related to an
organization through the
information lifecycle

38
Q

record

A

A document or an instance
of an entity within a
business

39
Q

knowledge management

A

The combination of
strategies, techniques and
tools used to capture and
share knowledge within
an organization

40
Q

explicit knowledge

A

Codified knowledge that
can be readily expressed
and understood, such as
business procedures

41
Q

tacit knowledge

A

Mainly intangible
knowledge that is typically
intuitive and difficult to
record

42
Q

intellectual capital

A

The knowledge assets of an
organization comprising
the people, structures and
tools used to utilize
knowledge within an
organization and its
stakeholders

43
Q

applications portfolio

A

The mix of software
applications used in an
organization or
departments.

44
Q

information systems strategy

A

The formulation of
approaches and planning
needed to deploy
information systems
resources to support
organizational strategy

45
Q

strategic information systems planning (SISP)

A

Term used to refer to IS
strategy formulation and
planning

46
Q

IT outsourcing

A

Information systems are
outsourced to a third party
organization

47
Q

strategy development process

A

A framework for
approaching strategy
development in a series of
logical steps

48
Q

long-term IS strategy

A

Specifies broad strategic
approaches over a three- to
five-year period

49
Q

short-term strategy

A

Details of strategy over a
six- to twelve-month period

50
Q

top-down method

A

The IS applications
portfolio is determined by
alignment with corporate
objectives

51
Q

bottom-up method

A

The selection of the IS
applications portfolio
partially or completely
determines the emphasis
of IS strategy and how it
impacts corporate
objectives

Information Management (3 decks)

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