LECTURE 1 Flashcards
stages of tissue healing
acute
subacute
chronic
strain
mild injury to muscle usually
biarticulates are usually most strained (quads, hams, gastroc)
sprain
injury of ligament or soft tissue
grade I sprain
ligament stretched, but intact
grade 2 sprain
incomplete or partial tear
most patients have this type of sprain
grade 3 sprain
complete tear
If muscle/tendon is completely torn, then NO PAIN, SEVERELY WEAK
complete muscle tear/grade 3 strain
no pain
severe weakness
partial muscle strain
grade I/II
pain, reduced strength
popeye muscle tear
long head of biceps (biarticulate)
distal tear, muscle belly migrates up
what attitude does foot rest when achilles has grade 3 strain
neutral (no longer plantar)
dislocation
complete loss of anatomical relationship
subluxation
incomplete or partial dislocation
which direction does shoulder most commonly dislocate?
anterior!
tendinitis
inflammation of tendon
results in scarring/calcium deposits
tendinosis
pathology of chronic degeneration WITHOUT inflammation
does tendinosis include pain?
yes! just less inflammation
use load instead of reps
(heavy loads, then back off) to heal
tendons!!!!
(has to due with adaptation to load)
synovitis
inflammation of synovial membrane
-excessive synovial fluid in the joint or tendon sheath
contraindication of soft tissue
synovitis
common bursitis sites
subacromial bursa
olecranon bursa
GT bursa
prepatellar bursa
ganglion
ballooning of wall of joint capsule
RA
hemarthrosis
bleeding into joint
severe trauma
contusion
bruising from direct blow
capillary rupture, bleeding
edema and inflammation
grade I soft tissue lesion
mild pain in 24 hours
swelling, tenderness
some pain when tissues stressed
normal joint feel
grade 2 soft tissue lesion
moderate pain
painful when palpation, stress to tissues
increased mobility with joint feel
grade 3 soft tissue lesion
severe pain
palpation can reveal defect
painless when tissue stressed
unstable joint feel
5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
pain
heat
redness (erythema)
swelling (edema)
loss of function
normal collagen in our body is what type?
85% OF COLLAGEN
type 1
after injury, fibroblasts synthesize what type of collagen?
type III: ELASTIC
babies!
___contraction/overstretch of biarticulate muscles can cause injury
eccentric contraction!
periosteum is where ____ attach
tendons!
upper extremity heals ____ than lower extremity
faster
what heals faster, distal or proximal bone?
distal
unfavorable conditions for bone healing
smoking
wide separation of bone ends
severe comminution or soft tissue damage
shearing or rotary forces acting at fracture site
