BALANCE

Question 1

leading cause of injuries for adults 65 older

Answer 1

falls

Question 2

center of gravity

Answer 2

S2 vertical line through this point

Question 3

postural orientation

Answer 3

control of relative positions of body parts by skeletal mm with respect to gravity and each other

Question 4

postural stability

Answer 4

all forces acting on body are balanced such that center of mass (COM) within BOS

Question 5

normal AP sway

Answer 5

12 degrees from AP

Question 6

normal lateral sway

Answer 6

16 degrees side to side

Question 7

static balance

Answer 7

BOS remains stationary-COM moves
(max sway angle of COM)

Question 8

dynamic balance

Answer 8

BOS and COM moving, COM never within BOS

Question 9

what are the components of balance

Answer 9

MSK components
neuro-mm synergies
sensory
external proactive mechanisms
internal anticipatory mechanisms
reactive mechanisms

Question 10

MSK components of balance

Answer 10

joint ROM (ankle DF)
spine flexibility (shifts COM)
mm tone
intersegmental movement

Question 10

mm tonically active during quiet stance

Answer 10

1. gastroc/soleus
2. tib ant
3. glut med
4. tfl
5. iliopsoas
6. erectors

Question 11

factors contributing to stability

Answer 11

1. body alignment
2. mm tone
3. postural tone (mm always active)

Question 12

triad of balance

Answer 12

1. visual
2. vestibular
3. somatosensory

Question 13

ability to maintain COG over BOS with max steadiness or minimal sway is defined as

Answer 13

BALANCE

Question 14

postural control vs postural orientation

Answer 14

control: position in space controlled for stability/orientation
orientation: maintain that control, even when environment changes/complex tasks