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PSYC1030 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychology?

A

scientific investigation of mental processes, behaviour and interaction between them

mental processes: thinking, remembering, feeling

examine patterns of behaviour

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2
Q

What does biology and culture do?

A

provide possibilities and constraints within which people think, feel and act

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3
Q

What is positive psychology?

A

understand the factors that help people flourish

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4
Q

What do psychological anthropologists study?

A

psychological phenomena in other cultures, people in natural settings

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5
Q

What do cross cultural psychologists study?

A

patterns of behaviour across different cultures

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6
Q

What do cultural psychologists study?

A

patterns of behaviour within cultures

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7
Q

What do biopscyhologists/behavioural neuroscientists study?

A

genetic and biological processes in the brain and nervous system

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8
Q

What is localisation of function?

A

discrete brain regions have significant influence in discrete aspects of mental functioning
uses positron emitting tomography (PET)

what part of brain in charge of different mental functions

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9
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

difficulty producing speech

smaller area near frontal lobe

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10
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Difficulty comprehending language

area near back of brain

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11
Q
A
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

What is the sociocultural perspective?

A

how unconscious cultural and social influences shape our thoughts, feelings and interactions

cultural and social factors: ethnicity, religion, socioeconomics

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13
Q

What is structuralism?

A

early psychological science that aimed to uncover the basic elements of consciousness

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14
Q

Who is Wilhelm Wundt? What did he do?

A
  • involved with structuralism
  • established first psychological lab
  • used introspection to undercover basic elements of consciousness

eg. how memory works and stored in brain

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15
Q

What is functionalism?

A

the idea that consciousness is functional (serves a purpose)

eg. why do we have functioning memory

16
Q

What did William James do?

A

Functionalism

17
Q

What is a paradigm?

A

Broad system of theoretical assumptions employed bya scientific community

Psychology lacks unified paradigm- has number of schools of thought

18
Q

5 perspectives in psychology

A
  • psychodynamic
  • behaviourist
  • humanistic
  • cognitive
  • evolutionary
19
Q

Areas in psychology

A
  • psychological anthropologists
  • cross cultural psychologists
  • cultural psychhologist
  • biopsychologist/behavioural neuroscience
  • sociocultural
20
Q

iceberg

What is the psychodynamic view? Who was involved?

A

FREUD
conscious and unconscious forces interact to control our thoughts and behaviours
some mental events are unconscious
conflicting mental processes- anxiety

behaviour is the inerplay between thoughts, feelings, wishes

21
Q

How does the psychodynamic view understand unconscious?

A
  • interpret through client’s consicous, verbalised thought and behaviour
  • collect data through case studies- therapist tries to understand thoughts, feelings and actiosn of client
22
Q

social relationships, psychpathology, mental process, personality, uncon

What are Freud’s contributions to the psychodynamic view?

A
  1. social relationships shaped by enduring aspects of personality
  2. psychopathology- influenced by mental representations of self and others
  3. mental processes occur in parallel and simultaneously- causes conflicting feelings
  4. personality development regulates sexual + aggressive behaviour
  5. much of mental life is unconscious
23
Q

Freud’s criticisms

A
  1. non-empirircal approach
  2. violation of falsifiability criterion
  3. used unreliable measures
24
Q

mechanistic/gears

What is the behaviourist perspective? Who is involved?

A
  • Pavlov, Watson, Skinner
  • environmental stimuli (associated through conditioning) control behaviour through learning- don’t need to refer to internal states like thoughts/feelings
25
Q

classical conditioning

A

learning that occurs unconsciously

26
Q

operant conditioning

A

learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behaviour

27
Q

how is behaviourist perspective investigated?

A

use experimental method to understand relationship between stimuli and behaviour- quantitative, empirical data- can be analysed statistically and replicated

28
Q

human

What is the humanistic perspective? Who is involved?

A
  • people are innately good + unique- will strive to realise goals and ambitions
  • self-actualisation
  • Rogers, Maslow
  • person-centred- therapist shows empathy towards client
29
Q

computer

What is the cognitive perspective? Who is involved?

A
  • Wundt, Descartes
  • focuses on hwo people process, store and retrieve info
  • uses experimental methods to infer mental processes at work
30
Q

runners

What is the evolutionary perspective? Who is involved?

A
  • Darwin
  • human behaviours evolved because they helped our ancestors survive and reproduce
  • some behaviours are biologically determined- impulse to eat, sexual impulses
31
Q

What is natural selection?

A
  • interaction between psychological functions, social behaviour, physical functions
  • concern for kin + degree of biological relatedness
32
Q

What is reproductive success?

A

capacity to survive and produce offspring

33
Q

What is inclusive fitness?

A

reproductive sucess and influence on reproductive success of genetically related individuals
ability of individual to transfer genes to offspring

34
Q

How is the evolutionary perspective investigated?

A
  • gather info through deductive methods- more recently use experimentation
  • often start with known behaviour in species- attempt to explain using evolutionary principles- can interpret to humans
35
Q

What is the modern school of thought?

A

Biopsychosocial model
* draws from across all perspectives
* biological processes, psychological factors, social forces are interrelated and influence mental states + behaviour

PSYC1030 (3 decks)

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