Lecture 1 Flashcards
Began in the 12th Century
Process of cutting holes or drilling holes into the brain to “let the demons escape”
Trepanation
Used in the early 20th Century
Baths, packs and sprays were used
Warm Baths – were used for clients with insomnia, suicidal ideation, and to help to calm agitated clients
Cold Baths – were used for clients with Mania and Psychosis
Baths, showers and packs could last from 3 hours to a few days
Hydrotherapy
Used extensively in 1940’s and 1950’s
Process – clients received high levels of insulin to induce coma
After the “prescribed” amount of time the client was revived with an emergency dose of glucose
Insulin Shock Therapy
Metrazol or Cardiazol is a synthetic preparation of Camphor
Small doses of Camphor produce tachycardia, can act as a diuretic, reduce appetite and slow breathing
Large doses are lethal
Metrazol was used in 1935 by Ladislas von Meduna to induce coma in clients with Schizophrenia
Metrazol Convulsive Therapy
Created in the 1930’s by Egaz Moniz
Brain surgery that severed and damaged the prefrontal lobe.
Widespread until the end of the 1950s
Speculated that this type of surgery removed the harmful parts of the brain that contributed to Schizophrenia, Depression and Anxiety.
Prefrontal Lobotomy
Invented by Ugo Cerletti
Electric shock used to stimulate a seizure
Use of ECT started in the 1940’s and continues today
Practice today has changed significantly
Electroconvulsive Therapy
study of drugs that alter functions of living organisms.
Pharmacology
use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms and disease processes.
Drug Therapy
drugs given for therapeutic purposes.
Medications
the first drug of a particular drug class to be developed
Prototypes
is related to the chemical or official name and is independent of the manufacturer.
Generic Name
is the name that is designated and patented by the manufacturer
Brand (Trade) Name
Pre-clinical studies
↓
Clinical trials
↓
Drug submission to Health Products and Food Branch
↓
Submission review
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Market authorization decision
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Public access
↓
Surveillance and investigation
Regulatory Processes in Canada
- Right medication
- Right client
- Right dose
- Right route
- Right time and frequency
- Right documentation
- Right reason/assessment
- Right to refuse
- Right evaluation
- Right client education
Ten Rights of Medication Administration
Oral (PO, sublingual)
Intramuscular (IM)
Subcutaneous (Sub-Q)
Intravenous (IV)
Inhalation (nasal, oral)
Transdermal (topical)
Vaginal
Rectal
Enteral (Nasogastric, GI tube)
are all…
Routes of administration
