LECTURE 1 Flashcards
Describe the anthropometry and methods of catagorization
Anthropometry is the measurement of the body and it is catagorized by size, shape and proportions, and composition (BMI)
What are the key hallmarks of pubertal growth?
Peak height velocity (PHV) - “growth spurt”
What is endochondral bone growth?
What is bone remodeling?
What is appositional bone?
Appositional growth is growth in the width of bone - occurs when bone is added to the outside of shaft PERIOSTEAL EXPANSION and removed from inside ENDOSTEAL RESORPTION
What is the Ephiphyseal growth plate?
The EGP separates the shaft and ends of long bone to grow it’s length
How does EGP cease?
When the epiphyseal plates fuse replacing the cartilage in the growth plates with bone
Order of bone cells and what do they do
- Osteoblasts - form the bone
- Osteoclasts - breakdown the bone by attaching tightly to it’s surface for resorption
- Osteocytes - found within hard bone and most abundant
What is cortical bone?
Compact bone that is located on the periosteal surface (outside); made up of osteons
What is trabecular bone?
Spongy bone located on endosteal surface (inside) with honeycomb vertical and horizontal bracing ; very sensitive to hormone changes
What are long bones?
Developed via endochondral ossification they are the cartilage that is replaced by bone
When does primary ossification occur?
Appear near the middle of the shaft approx 8 weeks after fertilization
When does secondary ossification occur?
Appears in the ends of bone after birth
Composition changes in Osteoporotic bone
- brritle
- thinning of cortical bone + increase porosity of both cortical and trabecular
- decreased bone strength
- decreased bone mineral density
- higher risk of fractures
Do more woman or men get osetoporosis and why?
Women because of menopause (estrogen)
