Concept questions Flashcards
True or False: Peak bone mass occurs earlier in girls than boys
True
What is the periosteal surface of bone called
A) outside bone surface
B) inside bone surface
A) outside bone surface
True or False: Cortical bone is also referred to as compact bone given its composition of tightly packed osetons
True
What is the term for bone development of long bones that occurs beginning the prenatal stage and ending with the closure of the growth plate?
A) Appositional growth
B) Periosteal expansion
C) Endochondral ossification
D) Endosteal resorption
C) Endochondreal ossification
Bone cells that degrade the surface of bone are refered to as?
A) Osetocytes
B) Osetoclasts
C) Osteoblasts
B) Osetoclastd
True or False: Osteoporosis only occurs in Trabecular bone
False
Bones respond best to loading that is:
A) High Magnitude
B) Repetitive
C) Uncustomary and heterogenous
C) Uncostumary and Heterogeneous
Which of the following sports would have the greatest benefit for bone health?
A) Running
B) Cycling
C) Baseball
D) Triple Jump
D) Triple Jump
The cells that sense mechanical strain in the bone are:
A) Osetoblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osetocytes
D) Osteophytes
C) Osetocytes
What is the term for the bone deformation (strain) threshold above which bone is added and bone strength increases?
A) Maximum Effective Strain
B) Minimum Effective strain
C) Mechanostat
B) Minimum Effective Strain
The factor that causes the cascade of the Female AND Male Athlete Triad is
A) Energy deficiency
B) Too much exercise
C) Exercise is too intense for women
A) Energy Deficiency
True or False: The energy deficiency that causes the Male athlete triad is worse in males than females
False
Your 10 minutes into your 3 mile run. Is ATP being supplied by:
A) Anaerobic Energy System (glycolysis)
B) Aerobic Energy System (oxidative system)
C) Immediate Energy System
B) Aerobic Energy System (oxidative system)
ATP can be resynthesized from the donation of a
____________________group from P-Cr:
A) Creatine
B) Inorganic Phosphate
C) Adenosine
B) Inorganic Phosphate
The end product of anaerobic glycolysis is:
A) Pyruvate
B) Glucose
C) Lactic acid
C) Lactic Acid
Anaerobic Glycolysis takes place in the:
A) Cytosol
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus
A) Cytosol
True or False: Anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative metabolism occur in the
mitochondria
False
The molecule that is common to the Krebs cycle and to the electron
transport chain to get the process started is:
A) CO2
B) Lactic Acid
C) Acetyl-Co-A
B) Lactic Acid
During exercise when oxygen demand is met by oxygen
supply to the muscles it is called:
A) Anaerobic exercise
B) Exhausting exercise
C) Steady state exercise
C) Steady state exercise
When oxygen demand is met by oxygen supply the energy system used
is called:
A) Anaerobic energy system
B) Aerobic energy system
B) Aerobic energy system
True or False: During exercise, the anaerobic threshold occurs well before the lactic
acid threshold.
False
The site of gas exchange in the tissues is in the:
A) Arteries
B) Capillaries
C) Veins
D) Venules
B) Capillaries
True or False: Athletes have a larger stroke volume during exercise than untrained
couch potatoes.
True
True or False: Non-athletes have a higher heart rate during exercise than athletes.
True
The functional contractile unit of a muscle fiber is the
A) Sarcomere
B) Perimysium
C) Myofibril
A) Sarcomere
Oxidative capacity is greatest in
A) Fast Twitch Type IIa
B) Fast Twitch Type IIx/b
C) Slow twitch Type I
C) Slow Twitch Type I
True or False: Fatigue occurs at the point of glycogen depletion
True
Cross country skiers are likely to have a high distribution of
A) Slow twitch fibers
B) Fast twitch fibers
A) Slow Twitch fibers
The primary factor that limits exercise of 30 seconds to 3 minutes is:
A) Dehydration
B) Electrolyte Imbalance
C) Lactic Acid Accumulation
C) Lactic Acid Accumulation
Endurance training causes:
A) Increased activity of aerobic enzymes
B) Increased activity of anaerobic enzymes
A) Increased activity of Aerobic enzymes
True or False: Athletes start to make lactic acid later during exercise of increasing
intensity compared to non-athletes
True
The Cori cycle demonstrates improved aerobic functioning with
endurance training. Why is this important?
A) Improved clearance of lactic acid
B) More O2 is available
C) More PCr is available
A) Improved Clearance of Lactic Acid
High intensity resistance training leads to increases in muscle strength. Which factor primarily contributes to an increase in strength during the first month of training
A) Increase in muscle size
B) Nervous system adaptions
C) Increased stores of glycogen
B) Nervous system adaptioms
What is the primary cause of muscle soreness that you feel the day after a hard workout?
A) Lactic Acid build up
B) Glycogen depletion
C) Damage to muscle fibers
C) Damage to muscle fibers
True or False: Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for health and disease
True
True or False: Coronary heart disease is a disease of all arteries in the body
False
True or False: Visceral Fat is metabolically more active and more dangerous than subcutaneous fat
True
True or False: Osteoporosis has no genetic component
False
True or False: Exercise is associated with the placement of bone on the outer surface of bone; this process is called endosteal resorption
False
The model of the Female Athlete Triad includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Stress Fractures
B) Amenorrhea
C) Low Bone Mass
D) Energy Deficiency with and without Disordered Eating
A) Stress Fractures
True or False: Trabecular bone is responsive to hormone changes and is susceptible to osteoporosis
True
True or False: Cortical bone is very dense and is most susceptible to hormones
False
True or False: An easy way to assess risk of osteoporosis is to measure body weight.
False
True or False: The major landmark of pubertal growth is the development of peak bone mass.
False; PHV
Describe the three general characteristics of exercise that are ideal for the development of
bone strength. Please list at least three different sports that have these characteristics.
- High Impact
- Odd/Unusual impact
- ## RestAll sports with weight bearing activity
Pyruvic acid is degraded to form an intermediate substance that in turn can enter the Krebs
cycle and electron transport chain in the presence of oxygen. The name of the intermediate
substance is:
A) Lactic Acid
B) Adenosine triphosphate
C) Adenosine diphosphate
D) Creatine phosphate
E) Acetyl-Coenzyme A
E) Acetyl Co-A
The following statements are true of the aerobic energy system, EXCEPT:
A) Aerobic
B) Major fuel source for exercise lasting > 3minutes
C) Includes aerobic glycolysis
D) Deliver a low number of ATPs, but delivers them fast
D) Deliver a low number of ATPs but deliver them fast
PCr is degraded to creatine as it donates its inorganic phosphate to make ATP with:
A) Lactic Acid
B) Adenosine triphosphate
C) Adenosine diphosphate
D) Creatine phosphate
E) Acetyl-Coenzyme A
C) Adenosine Diphosphate
Exercise training can result in significant increases in the lactic acid threshold.
