Concept questions

Question 1

True or False: Peak bone mass occurs earlier in girls than boys

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is the periosteal surface of bone called
A) outside bone surface
B) inside bone surface

Answer 2

A) outside bone surface

Question 3

True or False: Cortical bone is also referred to as compact bone given its composition of tightly packed osetons

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the term for bone development of long bones that occurs beginning the prenatal stage and ending with the closure of the growth plate?
A) Appositional growth
B) Periosteal expansion
C) Endochondral ossification
D) Endosteal resorption

Answer 4

C) Endochondreal ossification

Question 5

Bone cells that degrade the surface of bone are refered to as?
A) Osetocytes
B) Osetoclasts
C) Osteoblasts

Answer 5

B) Osetoclastd

Question 6

True or False: Osteoporosis only occurs in Trabecular bone

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Bones respond best to loading that is:
A) High Magnitude
B) Repetitive
C) Uncustomary and heterogenous

Answer 7

C) Uncostumary and Heterogeneous

Question 8

Which of the following sports would have the greatest benefit for bone health?
A) Running
B) Cycling
C) Baseball
D) Triple Jump

Answer 8

D) Triple Jump

Question 9

The cells that sense mechanical strain in the bone are:
A) Osetoblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osetocytes
D) Osteophytes

Answer 9

C) Osetocytes

Question 10

What is the term for the bone deformation (strain) threshold above which bone is added and bone strength increases?
A) Maximum Effective Strain
B) Minimum Effective strain
C) Mechanostat

Answer 10

B) Minimum Effective Strain

Question 11

The factor that causes the cascade of the Female AND Male Athlete Triad is
A) Energy deficiency
B) Too much exercise
C) Exercise is too intense for women

Answer 11

A) Energy Deficiency

Question 12

True or False: The energy deficiency that causes the Male athlete triad is worse in males than females

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Your 10 minutes into your 3 mile run. Is ATP being supplied by:
A) Anaerobic Energy System (glycolysis)
B) Aerobic Energy System (oxidative system)
C) Immediate Energy System

Answer 13

B) Aerobic Energy System (oxidative system)

Question 14

ATP can be resynthesized from the donation of a
____________________group from P-Cr:
A) Creatine
B) Inorganic Phosphate
C) Adenosine

Answer 14

B) Inorganic Phosphate

Question 15

The end product of anaerobic glycolysis is:
A) Pyruvate
B) Glucose
C) Lactic acid

Answer 15

C) Lactic Acid

Question 16

Anaerobic Glycolysis takes place in the:
A) Cytosol
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus

Answer 16

A) Cytosol

Question 17

True or False: Anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative metabolism occur in the
mitochondria

Answer 17

False

Question 18

The molecule that is common to the Krebs cycle and to the electron
transport chain to get the process started is:
A) CO2
B) Lactic Acid
C) Acetyl-Co-A

Answer 18

B) Lactic Acid

Question 19

During exercise when oxygen demand is met by oxygen
supply to the muscles it is called:
A) Anaerobic exercise
B) Exhausting exercise
C) Steady state exercise

Answer 19

C) Steady state exercise

Question 20

When oxygen demand is met by oxygen supply the energy system used
is called:
A) Anaerobic energy system
B) Aerobic energy system

Answer 20

B) Aerobic energy system

Question 21

True or False: During exercise, the anaerobic threshold occurs well before the lactic
acid threshold.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

The site of gas exchange in the tissues is in the:
A) Arteries
B) Capillaries
C) Veins
D) Venules

Answer 22

B) Capillaries

Question 23

True or False: Athletes have a larger stroke volume during exercise than untrained
couch potatoes.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False: Non-athletes have a higher heart rate during exercise than athletes.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

The functional contractile unit of a muscle fiber is the A) Sarcomere B) Perimysium C) Myofibril

Answer 25

A) Sarcomere

Question 26

Oxidative capacity is greatest in A) Fast Twitch Type IIa B) Fast Twitch Type IIx/b C) Slow twitch Type I

Answer 26

C) Slow Twitch Type I

Question 27

True or False: Fatigue occurs at the point of glycogen depletion

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Cross country skiers are likely to have a high distribution of A) Slow twitch fibers B) Fast twitch fibers

Answer 28

A) Slow Twitch fibers

Question 29

The primary factor that limits exercise of 30 seconds to 3 minutes is: A) Dehydration B) Electrolyte Imbalance C) Lactic Acid Accumulation

Answer 29

C) Lactic Acid Accumulation

Question 30

Endurance training causes: A) Increased activity of aerobic enzymes B) Increased activity of anaerobic enzymes

Answer 30

A) Increased activity of Aerobic enzymes

Question 31

True or False: Athletes start to make lactic acid later during exercise of increasing intensity compared to non-athletes

Answer 31

True

Question 31

The Cori cycle demonstrates improved aerobic functioning with endurance training. Why is this important? A) Improved clearance of lactic acid B) More O2 is available C) More PCr is available

Answer 31

A) Improved Clearance of Lactic Acid

Question 32

High intensity resistance training leads to increases in muscle strength. Which factor primarily contributes to an increase in strength during the first month of training A) Increase in muscle size B) Nervous system adaptions C) Increased stores of glycogen

Answer 32

B) Nervous system adaptioms

Question 33

What is the primary cause of muscle soreness that you feel the day after a hard workout? A) Lactic Acid build up B) Glycogen depletion C) Damage to muscle fibers

Answer 33

C) Damage to muscle fibers

Question 34

True or False: Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for health and disease

Answer 34

True

Question 35

True or False: Coronary heart disease is a disease of all arteries in the body

Answer 35

False

Question 36

True or False: Visceral Fat is metabolically more active and more dangerous than subcutaneous fat

Answer 36

True

Question 37

True or False: Osteoporosis has no genetic component

Answer 37

False

Question 38

True or False: Exercise is associated with the placement of bone on the outer surface of bone; this process is called endosteal resorption

Answer 38

False

Question 39

The model of the Female Athlete Triad includes all of the following EXCEPT: A) Stress Fractures B) Amenorrhea C) Low Bone Mass D) Energy Deficiency with and without Disordered Eating

Answer 39

A) Stress Fractures

Question 40

True or False: Trabecular bone is responsive to hormone changes and is susceptible to osteoporosis

Answer 40

True

Question 41

True or False: Cortical bone is very dense and is most susceptible to hormones

Answer 41

False

Question 42

True or False: An easy way to assess risk of osteoporosis is to measure body weight.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

True or False: The major landmark of pubertal growth is the development of peak bone mass.

Answer 43

False; PHV

Question 44

Describe the three general characteristics of exercise that are ideal for the development of bone strength. Please list at least three different sports that have these characteristics.

Answer 44

1. High Impact 2. Odd/Unusual impact 3. Rest ------------ All sports with weight bearing activity

Question 45

Pyruvic acid is degraded to form an intermediate substance that in turn can enter the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain in the presence of oxygen. The name of the intermediate substance is: A) Lactic Acid B) Adenosine triphosphate C) Adenosine diphosphate D) Creatine phosphate E) Acetyl-Coenzyme A

Answer 45

E) Acetyl Co-A

Question 46

The following statements are true of the aerobic energy system, EXCEPT: A) Aerobic B) Major fuel source for exercise lasting > 3minutes C) Includes aerobic glycolysis D) Deliver a low number of ATPs, but delivers them fast

Answer 46

D) Deliver a low number of ATPs but deliver them fast

Question 47

PCr is degraded to creatine as it donates its inorganic phosphate to make ATP with: A) Lactic Acid B) Adenosine triphosphate C) Adenosine diphosphate D) Creatine phosphate E) Acetyl-Coenzyme A

Answer 47

C) Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 48

Exercise training can result in significant increases in the lactic acid threshold.