Lecture 1 Flashcards
Anatomy roots trace back to who?
Vesalius, a 16th century anatomist
Anatomy
Relates 2 more structures
Effective for communication with health professionals
Gross Anatomy
Large scale structure visible to naked eye
Surface anatomy
Structure that can be seen without cutting through a routine physical exam
Radiological Anatomy
Use of imagine methods to view internal anatomy
Histology
Examine NORMAL tissue under a microscope
Histopathology
Examining tissues under a microscope for signs of disease
Cytology
Study at the cellular level
Ultrastructure
Study at the cellular/molecular level, usually with electron microscope
Systematic Anatomy
Study of a single organ system at a time
Comparative Anatomy
Study of more than one species in oder to understand evolutionary trends
For each of the subdiciplines of anatomy you have a way to?
Study them
Visualization
Looking at surface appearance
Palpation
Feeling a structure
Ausculation
Listening for normal and abnormal sounds
Percussion
Tapping and listening
Dissection
Cutting and separating tissues
Radiological Analysis
Visualizing internal body structures without dissecting
Radiology
Medical imaging
Revolutionized our diagnostic toolbox
Removed need for exploratory surgery
Improved human longevity
Common methods of Radiology
X-Ray
MRI
CT Scan
PET Scan
X-Ray
Oldest method of medical imaging
See pathologies in internal structures in dense tissue such as bones and teeth
Adding contrast (Angiography)
Visualize hollow organs and blood vessels
Computed Tomography (CT)
3D tissue anatomy
Medical Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Uses magnetic fields to visualize soft tissue such as spinal cord and brain
Functional MRI
Reveals movement changes in tissues associated with brain funtion
Measures amount of O2
More O2= more blood= more active area of brain
Position Emission Tomography (PET)
detects gamma rays and is used to assess status of tissue
produces color images to show which area is using the greatest amount of glucose
Sonography
Relies on solar tech by measuring the ultrasound waves
Anatomical Variation
Situs Solitus
Situs Inversus
Situs Perversus
Normal Placement
Organ are on wrong side
Organ in a wrong place
Organization of life
Prone
Facing down
Supine
Facing up
Anterior/Vental
Front of body
Posterior/Dorsal
Back of body
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Cephalic
Toward the head
Rostral
Toward the forehead or nose
Caudal
Toward the tail end
Medial
Toward midline of body
Lateral
Away from midline of body
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
Distal
Father away from point of attachment
Ipsilateral
On same side of body
Contralateral
On opposite sides of body
Superficial
Closer to body surface
Deep
Father from surface of body
Sagittal
Midsagittal
Parasagittal
Cuts body into right and left sections
Even sections
Uneven sections
Frontal (Coronal)
Cuts body into anterior and posterior sections
Transverse
Cuts body into inferior and superior sections
Cranial Cavity
Brain
Vertebral Cavity
Spinal Cord
Thoracic Cavity
Heart, lungs
Abdominal Cavity
Stomach, spleen, liver, intestines
Pelvic Cavity
Urinary, reproductive, digestive, anus, rectum, urinary bladder, ovaries
How are cavities separated
Searus membrane
Which cavity contains these serus membranes
Mininges
dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mate
Cranial/Vertebral Cavity
Parietal pleura and Visceral pleura
Pleural Cavity in the Thoracic Cavity (Lungs)
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal serous pericardium
Visceral serous pericardium
Pericardial Cavity (heart) in the Thoracic Cavity
Parietal Peritoneum
Visceral Peritoneum
Abdominopelvic Cavity
What does the Parietal and Visceral Layer mean
Parietal: lining of the wall in the body cavity
Visceral: lining on the organ
