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ANA 209 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support, Protect, Allow for movement, Ca and Phosphorous homeostasis (withdraw and deposit)

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2
Q

Osteology

A

Study of bones

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3
Q

Ossification

A

Matrix that has been hardened by the deposition of calcium and other minerals

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4
Q

Bones are made up of what 2 things?

A

Compact bones and spongy bones

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5
Q

What are compact bones?

A

-acts as outer shell
-75% of skeleton

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6
Q

What are spongy bones?

A

-Inner sections of bone
-25% of skeleton

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7
Q

Long bones

A

bones are longer than they are wide
-femur

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8
Q

Short Bones

A

-Bones that are similar in length and width
-carpals and tarsals

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9
Q

Flat bones

A

-wide and thin
-parietal bone
-Portion of scapula

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10
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

-Shape like a sees or bean
-Patella in the femur

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11
Q

Irregular bones

A

-do not have uniform shape
-Thoracic vertebra

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12
Q

Diaphysis shaft in a long bone

A

-compact bone on outer space
-medullary cavity in middle with bone matrix

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13
Q

Epiphysis head in a long bone

A

-at the ends
-filled with spongy bone
-spaces have bone marrow

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14
Q

Epiphyseal Plate in a long bone

A

-separates epiphysis and diaphysis

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15
Q

Surface tissues on a long bone:
Endosteum

A

-Line marrow cavity

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16
Q

Surface tissues of a long bone:
-Periosteum

A

-Supply bone with blood
-Protects bone

17
Q

Surface tissues of a long bone:
-Articular Cartilage

A

-Provide slippery surface where 2 bones can glide

18
Q

Features of flat and short bones

A

-Sandwich like constuction
-2 layers of compact bone with spongy layer in between

19
Q

Why is a blow to the skull not always fatal?

A

Skull can fracture the outer compact bone, spongy layer absorbs the blow, and leaves the inner layer of compact bone unharmed

20
Q

Red Bone Marrow (myeloid tissue)

A

-Create RBC
-Everywhere in children
-Adults: ribs, skull, pelvis, head, humerus, and femur

21
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

-Everywhere in adults
-Triglyceride storage

22
Q

Bone matrix

A

-Matrix component of bone tissue
-Osteoclasts absorb this and osteoblasts build this around cell
-Ceramic: (crystallized salts of hydoxyapatities): gives strength, able to support body weight
-Polymer: (collagen fibers): gives flexibility
and bones don’t shatter easily

23
Q

Osteogenic Cells:

A

-Creating, making
-Divide and become something else
-Found in endosteum, periosteum, and central canals
-Give rise to osteoblasts

24
Q

Osteoblasts

A

-Brand new bone cell
-Build matrix around cell
-Found on bone surfaces

25
Q

Osteocytes

A

-Stuck in the bone matrix and maintain it
-Found in lucanae

26
Q

Osteoclasts

A

-Break the bone and gets matrix into blood stream
-“bank robbers”
-Multinucleated
-massive
-live under periosteum
-ruffles border absorbs bone matrix and increase surface area

27
Q

Bone Progenitor Line

A

Osteogenic- osteoblasts- osteocyte

28
Q

Blood Progenitor Line

A

Blood stem cells- Osteoclasts

29
Q

Compact Bone:
Central Canal

A

Spaces for arteries, veins, and nerves to pass through

30
Q

Compact Bone:
Concentric Lamellae

A

Osteocytes arranged into circular layers in the individual osteon

31
Q

Compact Bone:
Lacuanae

A

Space from the osteocyte

32
Q

Compact Bone:
-Canaliculi

A

Osteocyte extenstions

33
Q

Circumferential lamellae

A

layers of osteocyte circumference of long bone

34
Q

Perforating canals

A

connect vascular structures together

35
Q

Interstitial lamellae

A

Fill spaces b/n osteons

36
Q

Spongy Bone

A

-Trabeculae: Irregular lamellae
-No osteons
-Space is filled with bone marrow

37
Q

Nutrient Foramen

A

-Hole that allows bone to receive blood an nerve supply

38
Q

Nutrient artery/ vein

A

Supply bone marrow

ANA 209 (5 decks)

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