lecture 1

Question 1

what are some characteristics of quantitative research?

Answer 1

• theory testing
• positivism
• use of numbers
• point of view from researcher
• hard, reliable data

Question 2

what are some characteristics of qualitative research?

Answer 2

• inductive approach
• constructivism
• use of words
• point of view from the participants
• rich, deep data

Question 3

study of meaning:

Answer 3

quantitative

Question 4

study of behavior:

Answer 4

qualitative

Question 5

concepts =

Answer 5

building block of theory and represent the point around which social research is conducted. They may provide a certain aspect of the social world, or they may stand for things we want to explain

Question 6

concepts need to be measured in quantitative research;

Answer 6

independend variable; explains certain aspects of the social world
dependent variable; represents things we want to explain

Question 7

what are the 3 main reasons for measurment?

Answer 7

1. it allows us to delineate dine differences between people in terms of the characteristics in question
2. it gives us a consistent device or yardstick for makinf distinctions
3. measurments provides the basis for more prcise estimates of the degree of the relationship between concepts

Question 8

indicator =

Answer 8

a specific variable or measure that is used to represent or reflect a broader concept or phenomenon of intrest

Question 9

multi-indicator measures =

Answer 9

main reason for their use is a recognition that there are potential problems with a reliance in just a single indicator

Question 10

definitive concepts =

Answer 10

• indicators determine concept
• emphasis on normal aspects
• theory presupposed on reality

Question 11

sensitizing concepts =

Answer 11

= general reference
- different interpretations
- from broad to small

Question 12

reliability =

Answer 12

same result when repeating study

Question 13

validity =

Answer 13

do you measure what you mean to measure?

Question 14

stability:

Answer 14

the most obvious way of testing for the stability of a measure us the test-retest method

Question 15

internal reliability=

Answer 15

whether the respondents score on any other indicator tend to be related to their score on the other indicator

Question 16

inter-observer consistency =

Answer 16

when a great deal of subjective judgement is involved in such activities, as the recording of observations or the translation of data into categories and where more then one observer is involved, there is the possibility that there is a lack of consistency in their decision

Question 17

external reliability =

Answer 17

by the degree to which a study can be replaced

Question 18

internal validity =

Answer 18

whether there is a good match between researchers observations ant the theoretical ideas they develop

Question 19

external validity =

Answer 19

the degree to which findings can be generalized across social settings

Question 20

qualitative research should be judged/evaluated acoording to quite different criteria then quantitative research ;

Answer 20

trustworthiness and authenticity

Question 21

trustworthiness;

Answer 21

1. credibility - internal validity
2. transferability - external validity
3. dependability - reliability
4. confirmability - objectivity

Question 22

authenticity ;

Answer 22

1. fairness
2. ontological authenticity
3. eductive authenticity
4. catalytic authenticity
5. tactical athenticity

Question 23

face validity =

Answer 23

whether something looks like it measures what it claims to measure

Question 24

construct validity =

Answer 24

extend to which test accurately measures what it is sippose to do
= convergent validity + discriminant validity

Question 25

convergent validity =

Answer 25

it examens whether multiple method/tools used to measure the same thing produces similar results

Question 26

discriminant validity =

Answer 26

extend to which a test is not related to another test that measures different constructs

Question 27

criterium validity =

Answer 27

how accuretly test measures outcome it was designed to measure
= predicitve validity + concurrent validity

Question 28

predictive validity =

Answer 28

ability of a pest or other measurment to predict future outcome

Question 29

concurrent validity =

Answer 29

extent of argument between two measures or assessments taken on the same time