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BIO 231 [Exam #1] > Lecture #1 > Flashcards

Lecture #1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the study of the structure of the body?

A

anatomy

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2
Q

What is the study of body function?

A

physiology

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3
Q

What is the study of body structure that can be examined by the naked eye?

A

gross anatomy

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4
Q

What is the study of body structures under the microscope?

A

microscope anatomy (histology)

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5
Q

What is the study of structural changes caused by disease?

A

pathological anatomy

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6
Q

Name the hierarchy of structural organization from smallest to largest

A
  1. chemical level (atoms form molecules)
  2. cellular level (cells + functional subunits)
  3. tissue level (group of cells performing common function)
  4. organ level (discrete structure made up of multiple tissues)
  5. organ system level (organs working together for a common purpose)
  6. organismal level (result of all simpler levels working together)
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7
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system?

A
  • forms external body covering + protects deeper tissues from injury

(synthesizes vitamin c, houses cutaneous receptors)

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8
Q

What is the function of the skeletal system?

A
  • protects and supports body organs
  • provides framework for muscles to cause movement

(blood cells formed within bone)

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9
Q

What is the function of the muscular system?

A
  • allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, facial expression
  • maintains posture
  • produces heat
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10
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A
  • responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate glands
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11
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A
  • glands secrete hormones that regulate processes (growth, reproduction, nutrient use)
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12
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system/immunity?

A
  • picks up leaked fluid from blood vessels
  • disposes of debris
  • houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity
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13
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A
  • keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
    (gases exchange occurs through walls of air sacs of lungs)
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14
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A
  • breaks down food into absorbable units
  • eliminates indigestible foodstuffs as feces
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15
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A
  • eliminated nitrogenous waste from the body
    (regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance)
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16
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A
  • eliminated nitrogenous waste from the body
    (regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance)
17
Q

What is the function of the reproductive system?

A

produces offspring

18
Q

What cavities are located in the dorsal body cavity?

A
  • cranial cavity (brain)
  • vertebral cavity (spinal cord)
19
Q

What cavities are located in the ventral cavity?

A
  • thoracic cavity
  • abdominopelvic cavity
20
Q

How many parts can the thoracic cavity be divided into? Describe it.

A
  • can be divided into three parts
  • two lateral parts, each containing a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity and the mediastinum
21
Q

What is contained in the mediastinum?

A
  • heart surrounded by the pericardial cavity
22
Q

What is contained in the mediastinum?

A

heart surrounded by the pericardial cavity

23
Q

How many parts can the abdominopelvic cavity be divided into?

A

two parts

24
Q

What organs are in the abdominal cavity?

A
  • liver
  • stomach
  • kidneys
  • other organs
25
Q

What organs are in the pelvic cavity?

A
  • bladder
  • some reproductive organs
  • rectum
26
Q

What are serous cavities?

A

slitlike space lined by serous membrane

27
Q

Name the serous cavities and what organ it is associated with

A
  • pleura (lungs)
  • pericardium (heart)
  • peritoneum (digestive viscera)
28
Q

Describe parietal serosa

A

outer wall of the cavity

29
Q

Describe visceral serosa

A

covers the visceral organs

29
Q

Describe visceral serosa

A

covers the visceral organs

30
Q

What is the function of serous fluid?

A

allows visceral organs to slide across the cavity walls

BIO 231 [Exam #1] (4 decks)

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