Lecture 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What does CV disease include? (5)
A
- Coronay heart disease
- Angina
- Myocardial infarction
- Heart failure
- Stroke
2
Q
What is central to the pathogenesis of CV disease?
A
- Atherosclorosis
- Hypertension
3
Q
What is atherogenesis?
A
The process of atherosclorosis
4
Q
What are the 2 main functions of endothelial cells?
A
- Act as a barrier between the blood and the blood vessels
- Secrete proteins onto its surface that prevent clotting and keep blood flowing smoothly
5
Q
What is atherosclorosis?
A
Hardening of arteries, narrowing due to plaque.
6
Q
What does atherosclorosis cause?
A
Reduced blood flow to the heart
7
Q
What are the steps in atherosclerosis?
A
- Endothelial gets irritated and damaged by smoking, high blood pressure , low density lipoproteins (LDL)
- Endothelial damages and breaks down
- This increases endothelial permeability
- This allows LDLs to enter the vessel
- LDL collect under the endothelial and start to b oxidised
- This sends a signal to our bodies immune system to bring in monocytes which try to break up cholesterol
- Monocytes convert to macrophages
- Macrophages ingest LDL to form plaques
8
Q
What is atherosclerosis driven by?
A
- hypertension
- hyperlipideamia
9
Q
What is atherosclerosis complicated by?
A
- Diabtetes
- Pro inflammatory status
10
Q
What is the treatment for atherosclerosis?
A
- Life style modification and pharmcotherapy
11
Q
What are the life style modifications to treat atherosclerosis?
A
- Diet
- Exercise
- Stress reduction
- Smoking cessation
12
Q
What is the primary prevention to treat atherosclerosis?
A
Reduce lipid and platelet contribution to pathogenesis
13
Q
What are the ways to manage atherosclerosis?
A
- Reduce blood pressure which reduces atherogenesis, end organ. damage and cardiac workload
- Reduce cardiac workload: reduce oxygen demand, reduce ischemic arrythmias, reduce heart failure pathology
- Manage blood fluid volume and electrolyte balance
