Lecture 1 Flashcards
Different cell type info
Carbohydrate info
General formula - (CH2O)n - glucose is C6H12O6
Alpha and beta glucose difference
OH and H on end are interchanged linearly
Uses for alpha glucose
Glycogen - multibranched a-glucose polysaccharide used for energy storage
Use for beta glucose
Cellulose - b-glucose molecules are linked to form fibres that give structured cell walls in plants and algae
Lipid def
A water insoluble bio molecules that is highly soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform
Function of lipids, examples
Energy - fatty acids - palmitate
Structure - membrane lipids - phospholipids
Signalling - steroid hormones - oestrogen
Structure of fatty acids
Standard structure of amino acids
Amino group
Carboxylic acid group
Hydrogen
Side chain - R group
Solubility of different side chains on amino acids
OH group - hydrophilic
Other groups, e.g. CH3, are hydrophobic
Primary structure
Chain of amino acid residues
It folds into the mature form of the protein which then carries out its function
Held together by peptide bonds
Direction amino acids read in primary structure
N to C terminus
- called polarity - not to do with polar molecules, but directionality
Functions of proteins and examples
Communication - receptors, peptide hormones
Defence - antibodies, blood clotting
Transport - haemoglobin, albumin
Structure - cytoskeleton, collagen
Control - transcription factors, chaperones
Nucleotides and nucleic acids info
Genetic info stored in nucleic acids in all known organisms
Made of long chains of nucleotides
ATCG
Uses of nucleotides in evolution
Ribosomal RNA can be used to compare between different species
