16 - Covalent Bonds

Question 1

Isotope def and info

Answer 1

Version of an atom with same number of protons and electrons, but different number of neutrons

• most isotopes of an atom have the same chemical properties (due to electron shells and electrons - determine reactive properties)

Question 2

Covalent bond def

Answer 2

Shared pair of electrons between the nuclei of two atoms

Question 3

Rotation around double and triple bonds

Answer 3

No rotation
- allows formation of stereoisomers

Question 4

Covalent bonds basic principles

Answer 4

Covalent bonds are strong
Covalent bonds give direction and shape
Double bonds stronger than single bonds and have no rotation

Question 5

What are conformations

Answer 5

Structures arising from bond rotatikn

Question 6

What is a chiral carbon

Answer 6

A carbon with 4 different groups attached

Question 7

Optical isomerism

Question 8

Which molecules have many stereoisomers

Answer 8

Carbohydrates
- e.g. glucose, fructose, galactose all have same molecule formular

Question 9

Alpha and beta glucose difference

Answer 9

Hydroxyl and H groups are inverted on 1st carbon

Question 10

Bonds between two glucose molecules

Answer 10

1, 4 glycosidic bonds
- can be alpha or beta

Question 11

Different types of isomers