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Image analysis > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Analog to digital

A

Sampling

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2
Q

Digital to analog

A

Interpolation

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3
Q

Discrete

A

Objects are represented in terms of discrete pixels

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4
Q

Continuous

A

Each color at any image point is reproduced as a single tone

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5
Q

Levels per pixel

A

Different number of bits 2^bits

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6
Q

Bitdepth

A

how many values each pixel element can take. The scale in which you convert incoming signal in digital image

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7
Q

RGB bits

A

24

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8
Q

Noise sources

A

Photon noise
Thermal noise
Readout noise
Quantization noise

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9
Q

Probability and variance noise

A

P[X=k]=mean^k*e^-mean/k!

mean=E[X]=VAR[X]

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10
Q

Gaussian noise

A

Signal independent and additive: sigma0=sigmaB

SNR=mean0-meanB/sigmaB

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11
Q

Poisson noise

A

signal dependent and modulatory. Standard deviation changes
sigma0=!sigmaB
SNR=mean0-meanB/sigma0

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12
Q

Resolution

A

Determined by PSF. Formula on slide. Describes what a single point in the object looks like in the image and blurring of it.

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13
Q

Cut off frequency

A

Lowest distance that can be resolved. fc=1/rc=2NA/lambda

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14
Q

Abbe Criterion

A

PSF full width at half maximum

da=o.5*lambda/NA

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15
Q

Rayleigh criterion

A

PSF peak to first zero

dR=0.61*lambda/NA

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16
Q

Zoom

A

Nearest neighbor: look at value neighbor and take its value
Linear: neighbors average
Cubic: Nice line through the points

17
Q

Shannon Sampling theorem

A

to reconstruct a one-dimensional signal from a set of samples, the sampling rate must be equal to or greater than twice the highest frequency in the signal. fn = 1/2Δt

18
Q

Nyquist interval

A

rs=rc/2=lambda/4NA

19
Q

Interpolation

A

I(x)=(Isg)(x)=sum(Is(i)g(x-i))

20
Q

Theoretical interpolation

A

g(x)=sinc(x)=sin(pix)/pix

21
Q

Practical interpolation

A

Can be found by inputting an impulse: Is(i)=sigmai is either 1 (i=0) or 0 (else) I(x)=g(x)

22
Q

Image file formats

A
  • JPEG: image compression is lossy
  • GIF: Image compression is lossless but conversion to GIF may give losses
  • TIFF: Supports all diminsions and bits, uncompressed, flexible format

Image analysis (9 decks)

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