Lecture 1

Question 1

In scientific nomenclature, which part of the following name is the genus and which is the species –
Staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 1

Genus = Staphylococcus
Species = aureus

Question 2

When writing or typing the Latin names of biological organisms, how must both component names be
presented?

Answer 2

Capital Genus
Lower case aureus
Italicized or underlined
Genus then the species name

Question 3

Approximately what percentage of microbes are pathogenic?

Answer 3

3% are overtly pathogenic

10% are opportunistic pathogens

Question 4

Approximately what percentage of microbes are harmless?

Answer 4

87%

Question 5

Name 3 beneficial uses of microbes in our society?

Answer 5

Decomposition
By-products - alcohol / cheese
Detoxification of chemicals

Question 6

Which scientist first described the cell?

Answer 6

Robert Hooke

Question 7

Which scientist first described bacteria and their shape?

Answer 7

Antoni Van Leewenhook

Question 8

Which doctor first used handwashing to reduce clinical infection?

Answer 8

Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 9

In 1870, which doctor was the first to use antiseptics for surgery?

Answer 9

Joseph Lister

Question 10

Which scientist discovered pasteurisation? What was it first used for?

Answer 10

Louis Pasteur

Question 11

Which scientist first demonstrated that microorganisms caused infectious disease? What two diseases did this person study in the process?

Answer 11

Robert Koch studied TB and anthrax

Question 12

What is a pure culture?

Answer 12

A culture with a single organism

Question 13

List Koch’s postulates (Steps 1-4).

Answer 13

1. The specific causative agent must be present in every case of an infectious disease
   
   2. The disease organism must be isolated in a pure culture
   3. Inoculation of a sample into a healthy susceptible animal must produce the same disease
      
      4. The disease must be recovered from the infected animal

Question 14

List the 3 domains of life and name the principle members in group 1 and 3?

Answer 14

Eubacteria (gram positive, gram negative, cyanobacteria, others)
Archaea
Eucarya (plants, animals, fungi, algae, protozoa)

Question 15

What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 15

Prokaryotic- 
		Cell wall + membrane
		No nucleus
	Eukaryotic
		No cell wall
                Does have nucleus

Question 16

List the key features of algae?

Answer 16

Singular or multicellular
Eukaryotic
`Use photosynthesis for energy

Question 17

List the three mechanisms of motility for protozoa?

Answer 17

Flagella
Cilia
Pseudopodia

Question 18

Fungi are prokaryotic (true or false)?

Answer 18

False- Fungi are Eukaryotic

Question 19

How do fungi differ from plants and animals?

Answer 19

They do not need sunlight for energy

They do have a cell wall

Question 20

What is the name of the process by which yeast reproduce?

Answer 20

Budding

Question 21

The cell wall of bacteria contain polysaccharide and peptidoglycan (true or false).

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Name the two structures that make up all viruses?

Answer 22

Nucleic Acid

Capsid (protein coat)

Question 23

What is the name of the specialized group of viruses that infect bacterial cells?

Answer 23

Bacteriophage