Lecture 06 - Alcohol Flashcards
What is the AUC for blood alcohol
it has a linear descending portion (though the kinetics change at 20mg%)
How is alcohol absorpted
via simple diffusion
since it doesn’t need to be broken down it is absorbed quickly
How much alcohol is absorbed in the stomach
30%
How much alcohol is absorbed in the intestines
70%
What are factors that can effect alcohol absorption
food, concentration of alcohol, rate of consumption
How long after the last drink do you reach peak BAC
30 minutes
How is alcohol distributed after it had been absorbed
to the liver first, then the heart, followed by the rest of the body
Where does alcohol distribute
into the water content of tissues and fluidsW
What has high water content
blood and urine
What has low water content
bone and fat
How is alcohol eliminated from the body
metabolism and excretion
What is metabolism
occurs in the liver, alcohol is changed to CO2 and water, 90-98% of alcohol is metabolized
What is excretions
removed from the body unchanged via breath, urine, sweat, tears, saliva, feces
What is the average rate of elimination
10-20 mg% per hour
What is the rate of elimination of heavy drinkers
up to 35 mg% per hour
How much higher is urine alcohol levels than BAC
30%
How much higher is vitreous humor alcohol levels than BAC
20%
How much higher is serum/plasma alcohol levels than BAC
10-20%
What is the classification of alcohol
central nervous system depressant
What is impairment
BAC less than 100 mg%
What effects are seen with impairment
loss of inhibition and emotions
effect on: visual abilities, judgement, reaction time, concentration/attention, information processing
What is intoxication
100-250 mg%
What effects are seen with intoxication
disturbed vision, loss of balance, vasodilation, muscular incoordination, slurred speech, emotional disturbance, decreased pain sense
What is severe intoxication
250-400 mg%