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Toxicology > Lecture 01 - Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics > Flashcards

Lecture 01 - Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacology

A

studies the interactions between living organisms and chemicals that affect function

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2
Q

What is toxicology

A

examines undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems

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3
Q

What is pharmacodynamics

A

therapeutic and/or toxic actions of the drug on the body, receptor interactions, concentration-effect component

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4
Q

What is pharmacokinetics

A

effects of the body on the drug, dose-concentration component

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5
Q

What is pharmcogenetics

A

effects of genetics on how the drug is metabolized by the body and affects the body

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6
Q

Why are pharmacokinetics useful

A

to predict the effectiveness of different drugs or different dosage strategies as well as predicting blood levels in an individual under specific conditions

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7
Q

What is LADME

A

liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

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8
Q

What are metabolism and elimination together called

A

clearance

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9
Q

What is availability

A

a function of liberation and absorption

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10
Q

What effects liberation of a drug

A

formulation, ionization state, environmental pH

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11
Q

What effects absorption of a drug

A

gastrointestinal factors, physicochemical drug properties, transporters, route of administration

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12
Q

What is absorption

A

the drug moves from site of administration across cell membranes into the circulation

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13
Q

What is passive transport

A

diffusion from high to low, does not use ATP

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14
Q

What is active transport

A

movement from low to high, uses ATP

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15
Q

What is the charge state of a carboxcylic acid if pH<pKa

A

not ionized

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16
Q

What is the charge state of a carboxcylic acid if pH>pKa

A

ionized (negative charge)

17
Q

What is the charge state of an amine if pH<pKa

A

ionized (positive charge)

18
Q

What is the charge state of an amine if pH>pKa

A

neutral

19
Q

What is the AUC

A

area under the curve, the best indicator of total exposure to a dose of a pharmacological compound

20
Q

What is bioavailability

A

the amount of drug dose that reaches the circulation

21
Q

How is bioavailability estimated

A

drug dose and area under the curve from the plasma concentration vs. time plot

22
Q

What is first pass metabolism

A

intestinal and liver metabolism reduce bioavailability of an orally administered drug prior to the drug reaching circulation

23
Q

What is F

A

the bioavailability factor, the fraction of active dose that makes it to circulation

24
Q

What is S

A

the chemical form, the fraction of formulation that is the active form of the drug

25
Q

What is distribution

A

the delivery of drug via the circulation to extravascular fluids and tissues in the body

26
Q

What effects drug distribution

A

size of organ, tissue perfusion, drug binding to plasma proteins/tissues, and ability of drug to cross cell membranes

27
Q

What Vd range indicates the drug is in the plasma

A

3-5

28
Q

What Vd range indicates the drug is in the extracellular fluids

A

5-20

29
Q

What Vd range indicates the drug is in the intracellular fluids

A

20-35

30
Q

What Vd range indicates the drug is in deep storage

A

> 40

31
Q

What factors can effect Vd

A

drug solubility, plasma protein binding

32
Q

What drugs does albumin bind to

A

acidic drugs, bilirubin, LCFA

33
Q

What drugs does alpha one acid glycoprotein bind to

A

basic drugs

34
Q

What drugs do lipoproteins bind to

A

cyclosporine, cholesterol, vitamins, steroid hormones

35
Q

What drugs does transferrin bind to

A

iron

36
Q

What drugs does ceruloplasmin bind to

A

copper

37
Q

What effects the amount of free drug

A

acute phase reaction, hypoalbuminemia, uremia, overdose

38
Q

Why is Vd important

A

determine whether dialysis of a drug is likely to be beneficial, estimate body burden of drug, calculate a loading dose

Toxicology (8 decks)

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