Lecture 01 - Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

What is pharmacology

Answer 1

studies the interactions between living organisms and chemicals that affect function

Question 2

What is toxicology

Answer 2

examines undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems

Question 3

What is pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

therapeutic and/or toxic actions of the drug on the body, receptor interactions, concentration-effect component

Question 4

What is pharmacokinetics

Answer 4

effects of the body on the drug, dose-concentration component

Question 5

What is pharmcogenetics

Answer 5

effects of genetics on how the drug is metabolized by the body and affects the body

Question 6

Why are pharmacokinetics useful

Answer 6

to predict the effectiveness of different drugs or different dosage strategies as well as predicting blood levels in an individual under specific conditions

Question 7

What is LADME

Answer 7

liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

Question 8

What are metabolism and elimination together called

Answer 8

clearance

Question 9

What is availability

Answer 9

a function of liberation and absorption

Question 10

What effects liberation of a drug

Answer 10

formulation, ionization state, environmental pH

Question 11

What effects absorption of a drug

Answer 11

gastrointestinal factors, physicochemical drug properties, transporters, route of administration

Question 12

What is absorption

Answer 12

the drug moves from site of administration across cell membranes into the circulation

Question 13

What is passive transport

Answer 13

diffusion from high to low, does not use ATP

Question 14

What is active transport

Answer 14

movement from low to high, uses ATP

Question 15

What is the charge state of a carboxcylic acid if pH<pKa

Answer 15

not ionized

Question 16

What is the charge state of a carboxcylic acid if pH>pKa

Answer 16

ionized (negative charge)

Question 17

What is the charge state of an amine if pH<pKa

Answer 17

ionized (positive charge)

Question 18

What is the charge state of an amine if pH>pKa

Answer 18

neutral

Question 19

What is the AUC

Answer 19

area under the curve, the best indicator of total exposure to a dose of a pharmacological compound

Question 20

What is bioavailability

Answer 20

the amount of drug dose that reaches the circulation

Question 21

How is bioavailability estimated

Answer 21

drug dose and area under the curve from the plasma concentration vs. time plot

Question 22

What is first pass metabolism

Answer 22

intestinal and liver metabolism reduce bioavailability of an orally administered drug prior to the drug reaching circulation

Question 23

What is F

Answer 23

the bioavailability factor, the fraction of active dose that makes it to circulation

Question 24

What is S

Answer 24

the chemical form, the fraction of formulation that is the active form of the drug

Question 25

What is distribution

Answer 25

the delivery of drug via the circulation to extravascular fluids and tissues in the body

Question 26

What effects drug distribution

Answer 26

size of organ, tissue perfusion, drug binding to plasma proteins/tissues, and ability of drug to cross cell membranes

Question 27

What Vd range indicates the drug is in the plasma

Answer 27

3-5

Question 28

What Vd range indicates the drug is in the extracellular fluids

Answer 28

5-20

Question 29

What Vd range indicates the drug is in the intracellular fluids

Answer 29

20-35

Question 30

What Vd range indicates the drug is in deep storage

Answer 30

>40

Question 31

What factors can effect Vd

Answer 31

drug solubility, plasma protein binding

Question 32

What drugs does albumin bind to

Answer 32

acidic drugs, bilirubin, LCFA

Question 33

What drugs does alpha one acid glycoprotein bind to

Answer 33

basic drugs

Question 34

What drugs do lipoproteins bind to

Answer 34

cyclosporine, cholesterol, vitamins, steroid hormones

Question 35

What drugs does transferrin bind to

Answer 35

iron

Question 36

What drugs does ceruloplasmin bind to

Answer 36

copper

Question 37

What effects the amount of free drug

Answer 37

acute phase reaction, hypoalbuminemia, uremia, overdose

Question 38

Why is Vd important

Answer 38

determine whether dialysis of a drug is likely to be beneficial, estimate body burden of drug, calculate a loading dose