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Bio 150 Part 1 > Lecture 05 > Flashcards

Lecture 05 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cytoskeletal filament necessary for whole-cell locomotion

A

Actin filaments

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2
Q

Cytoskeletal filament that provides mechanical strength

A

Intermediate filaments

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3
Q

Cytoskeletal filament that determines the position of organelles

A

Microtubules

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4
Q

Cytoskeletal filament that drives the pinching of one cell into two

A

Actin filaments

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5
Q

Cytoskeletal filament that directs intracellular transport

A

Microtubules

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6
Q

Microtubules are attached to a single point called _________________.

A

MTOC - Microtubule Organizing Center

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7
Q

T or F. The centrosome is the MTOC.

A

True

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8
Q

The centrosome is made up of _________________.

A

a pair of centrioles

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9
Q

Why are the subunit interactions of the filaments non-covalent?

A

Rapid assembly and disassembly

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10
Q

During cytokinesis, actin filaments form a ___________ that pinches the cell in two.

A

contractile ring

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11
Q

T or F. Actin uses GTP for assembly while microtubules use ATP.

A

False. The other way around

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12
Q

ODD MAN OUT:
Actin, Microtubules, Intermediate filament

Forms a hollow cylinder

A

Actin

Actin forms a double helix

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13
Q

ODD MAN OUT:
Actin, Microtubules, Intermediate filament

Aids in cell motility

A

Intermediate filament

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14
Q

ODD MAN OUT:
Actin, Microtubules, Intermediate filament

Strenghtens cellular structure

A

Microtubules.

Intermediate filaments strengthen the nucleus and overall structural integrity, while actin filaments strengthen the cell cortex and periphery.

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15
Q

Phases of actin assembly

A

Nucleation, Elongation, Steady State

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16
Q

In which phase of actin assembly does the treadmilling occur?

A

Steady state (equilibrium phase)

17
Q

T or F. During elongation, monomers can bind at the pointed end of the actin filament.

A

True. While monomers preferentially bind to the barbed end, they can still bind reversibly at each end.

18
Q

The rapid elongation at a filipodia is regulated by which elongation factor?

A

Formin

19
Q

Small cross-linking proteins that bind to the parallel actin bundles to strengthen it.

A

alpha-actinin

20
Q

Small cross-linking protein : alpha-actinin
Large cross-linking protein : _____________

A

Filamin

21
Q

Binding protein that nucleates branching in actin filament

A

Arp 2/3

22
Q

What common proteins are found in filopodia?

A

Formin and alpha-actinin

23
Q

What common proteins are found in lamellipodia?

A

Filamin and Arp 2/3

24
Q

Difference/s and similarity between tropomodulin and capping protein

A

They both prevent disassembly and assembly of actin.

Tropomodulin = at the pointed end
Capping protein = at the barbed end

25
Q

T or F. Profilin prevents assembly while thymosin promotes assembly.

A

False. The other way around.

26
Q

Accelerates disassembly of actin filament

A

Cofilin

27
Q

T or F. ATP is needed to attach myosin to the actin.

A

False. ATP is needed to release myosin from the actin.

28
Q

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical structure built from __(a)__ parallel ___(b)___. The (b) are composed of tubulin ________.

A

13; protofilaments; dimers

28
Q

Which tubulin monomer is always bound to GTP?
Which tubulin monomer can be bound to GTP or GDP?

A

a-tubulin; b-tubulin

29
Q

Differentiate the (-) ends and the (+) ends of actin filaments vs microtubules

A

In ACTIN FILAMENTS, the (+) end grows more rapidly and the (-) end grows more slowly. In MICROTUBULES, the (+) end GROWS AND SHRINKS more rapidly than the (-) end.

30
Q

Actin filaments: treadmilling effect
Microtubules: _______________

A

dynamic instability

31
Q

Explain dynamic instability

A

Good job :D

KEYWORDS: Catastrophe & Rescue

32
Q

Two polymer forms of microtubules

A

T form - more energy to polymerize
G form - less energy; tends to depolymerize

33
Q

T or F. The GTP cap is also known as the less stable region of the microtubule.

A

False. The region with GDP-tubulin dimers is the less stable region.

34
Q

Actin: Arp 2/3
Microtubule: _______

A

Augmin. Both nucleates branching.

35
Q

How does stathmin prevent rescue of microtubles? What protein has the same function in actin filaments?

A

It binds to subunits to prevent assembly of tubulin dimers. Thymosin.

36
Q

Motor proteins for vesicular transport.

A

Kinesin and Dynein

37
Q

Facilitates anterograde movement (to + end).

A

Kinesin

38
Q

Facilitates retrograde movement (to - end)

A

Dynein

Bio 150 Part 1 (5 decks)

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