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Informatics > Lecture 01: From Controlled Vocabularies to Ontologies > Flashcards

Lecture 01: From Controlled Vocabularies to Ontologies Flashcards

1
Q

What is a predicate?

A

A predicate is the “open place” component of a sentence skeleton.

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2
Q

What is a variable?

A

A variable is a named “open place” (predicate) of a sentence skeleton?

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3
Q

What does the upside down ‘A’ stand for?

A

For All

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4
Q

What does the opposite looking ‘E’ stand for?

A

There Exists

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5
Q

What two aspects in vocabularies create issues in communication?

A
  1. Synonyms - creates variation and no clear indication of clarity.
  2. Homonyms - creates ambiguity
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6
Q

What is a controlled vocabulary?

A

A controlled vocabulary is an organised list of terms which identify acceptable values for completing metafields. It provides restrictions on language to enforce agreement regarding concepts and the vocabulary used to describe them in order to ensure effective communication.
It provides a consistent labeling system.
Inserts interpretive layers of semantics (Synonyms, Homonyms and Logical Implications)

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7
Q

What are the three advantages of controlled vocabularies?

A
  1. Eliminates guesswork
  2. They are precise and efficient
  3. The terms chosen and organised is done by trained professionals with relevant expertise in that subject area.
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8
Q

What is a Term?

A

An accepted element in the controlled vocabulary?

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9
Q

What is a Definition?

A

An optional descriptive paragraph to distinguish terms that are homographs or precisely define terms that have multiple meanings.

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10
Q

What is a Related Term (RT)?

A

A related term (RT) is an element which an indexer may prefer in comparison to the element listed.

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11
Q

What is a Broader Term (BT)?

A

A broader term (BT) is an element which is higher in the vocabulary hierarchy than the element listed.

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12
Q

What is a Narrow Term (NT)?

A

A narrower term (NT) is an element which is lower in the vocabulary hierarchy than the element listed.

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13
Q

What is Use in relation to Controlled Vocabularies?

A

Use follows an uncontrolled listing, and points the indexer to an accepted element in the controlled vocabulary.

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14
Q

What is Used For in relation to Controlled Vocabularies?

A

Used For is the reciprocal of the Use reference and accompanies the element to which the Use reference refers.

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15
Q

What are the three relationships Controlled Vocabularies can be organised into?

A
  1. Equivalence
  2. Hierarchical
  3. Associative
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16
Q

What are the 8 types of Controlled Vocabularies?

A
  1. Flat Term List
  2. Hierarchical Term List
  3. Synonym Ring
  4. Authority File
  5. Classification Scheme
  6. Facet Controlled Vocabulary
  7. Thesaurus
  8. Ontology
17
Q

What is a Flat Term List?

A

A flat term list is a list of terms with no relationships implied and includes term definitions.
Terms are easily differentiated as there is no overlap.
Terms are on the same scale.

18
Q

What is a Hierarchical Term List?

A

A hierarchical term list is a list of grouped terms which imply a certain method or order of organisation. There are Parent and Child relationships between the terms. All child terms across a group are usually on the same scale.

19
Q

What is a Synonym Ring?

A

A synonym ring extends a terms list by providing additional equivalent terms.
Search queries can then be expanded to include all synonyms and return additional relevant results.
Expands two types of words:
1. Words which share the same word stem.
2. Terms which have one or more space-separated words by are synonymous or closely related.

20
Q

What is an Authority File?

A

An authority file consists of one type of relationship as well as a synonym ring.
Identifies a single preferred term, and the others as variant terms.

21
Q

What is a Classification Scheme?

A

A classification scheme are codes which represent terms and elements.

22
Q

What is a Facet Controlled Vocabulary?

A

A facet controlled vocabulary are clearly defined, mutually exclusive exhaustive collections of aspects, properties or characteristics of a class. The facets provide different avenues in describing a resource.

23
Q

What is a Thesaurus?

A

A thesaurus is a controlled vocabulary which is networked together by relationships between terms. Including:

  • Equivalence (Synonyms)
  • Hierarchy (Broad Class (CL), Broad Term (BT), Narrow Term (NT))
  • Associative Relationships (Related Terms (RT)
  • Scope Notes (SN - defines breadth and usage)
24
Q

What is an Ontology?

A

Ontologies describe concepts and their arbitrary relationships in programmatic ways.
They differ from a thesaurus in that there are no preferred terms, and they are expressed in a formal and machine readable format.
They make use of inheritance in that child terms inherit all the properties of their parents.
Provide ability to formally describe a domain and to reason about them through the adoption of description logics.

Informatics (8 decks)

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