Lect Chapter 2a Week 2 Flashcards
What is the difference between chemistry and biochemistry?
Pure chemistry is the for science that deals with the structure of matter in non-living things in bio chemistry is a science that deals with the structure of matter in living inside the body.
What is matter
Matter occupies space and has mass.
What are the differences between solids liquids and gases.
Solid has a definite shape and volume
liquid has a changing sheep definite volume
gas the volume and shape can change
Describe energy and it’s two types
Energy is the capacity to do work kinetic energy is energy in action potential energy is stored or inactive
What are four forms or types of energy
1-Chemical energy stored in bonds of chemical substances
2-electrical energy comes from movement of charged particles
3-mechanical energy directly involved in moving matter
4-radiant or electromagnetic energy travels in waves
What are energy conversions
Energy can be converted for example electrical energy into light energy via a lamp energy conversion is in efficient as energy is lost as heat.
What are the elements percentage breakdown of our body?
96% of us is carbon oxygen hydrogen and nitrogen
3.9% from nine elements
less than .01% are 11 other elements
Name the parts of an atom with the charge and atomic mass unit
- Protons positively charged with 1 AMU
- neutrons have no charge NEUTRAL also weigh 1 AMU
- Electrons have a negative charge almost no mass
What are two models Atoms
Planetary model
Orbital model which shows an electron cloud
How do you calculate the atomic mass
Add the number of protons to the number of neutrons. This also takes Into accounts the average of the masses of all isotope forms of the Atom
How do you get the atomic number
Only the number of protons in the nucleus
What is an isotope
Structural variant of the same element the Adam has the same number of protons but different amount of neutrons. This makes the atomic number the same but the atomic mass different
What is the radio isotope
It’s an isotope that decomposes to more stable forms.
Explain radio isotope formation what is given off as a result and how does that help us for medicine and biological research.
An unstable Atom will lose various subatomic particles as it degrades to stability.
These sub atomic particles release a little energy as they are given off called Radioactivity.
Diagnostic machines can detect this radioactivity and be used for testing and diagnosis.
These radioactive particles share the same chemistry as the stable isotopes so the body can absorb them.
How are chemical bonds created?
Electrons in the valance shell of one atom react with other electrons of the valence shell of a different atom to make a stable Molecule.
How many shells are there and what are the maximum amount of electrons in the first four from the nucleus.?
Atoms can have up to seven electron shells.
Shell. # of electrons
- 32
What is the octet rule
Atoms want eight electrons in the valance shell.
What’s the driving force behind chemical reactions
Adams do not have full villain shelves they either gain lose or share electrons
What are three types of chemical bonds
Ionic covalent and hydrogen
Explain Ionic bonds
Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons and become charged. protons and electrons are not equal
What are anions and Cations
VACATION AND ONIONS
Anions gain an electron and become negatively charged cations lose an election and become positively charged.
What is a covalent bond
A bond where 2 Atoms share electrons
What is a single covalent, double covalent and triple covalent bond
Single covalent bond shares 2 electrons double covalent shares 4 electrons triple called covalent shares 6 electrons
Two types of covalent bonds and the difference
1 Polar covalent is unbalanced with an unequal sharing of electrons that can be electronegative with more electrons attracting or electropositive with less attracting ability
2 Nonpolar covalent which is balanced and share equal number of electrons.
What are three types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis / combination reaction Atoms or molecules combined to form larger molecules. Anabolic
decomposition reaction breaks down into smaller molecules. Catabolic
Displacement or exchange reactions
These are reduction-oxidation reactions or redox Atoms are reduced when they gain electrons and oxidized when they lose electrons.
What is exegonic and endergonic
Exogonic reactions that release energy/heat catabolic. The products have less energy than the reactants
Endergonic reactions absorb energy anabolic.
What effects the speed of chemical reactions
Temperature, More heat equals faster reaction rate
The concentration of the reactants.
particle size smaller size increase reaction rate
introduced catalyst or enzyme This lowers the amount of energy required for the reaction.
