Lect Chapter 2a Week 2

Question 1

What is the difference between chemistry and biochemistry?

Answer 1

Pure chemistry is the for science that deals with the structure of matter in non-living things in bio chemistry is a science that deals with the structure of matter in living inside the body.

Question 2

What is matter

Answer 2

Matter occupies space and has mass.

Question 3

What are the differences between solids liquids and gases.

Answer 3

Solid has a definite shape and volume
liquid has a changing sheep definite volume
gas the volume and shape can change

Question 4

Describe energy and it’s two types

Answer 4

Energy is the capacity to do work kinetic energy is energy in action potential energy is stored or inactive

Question 5

What are four forms or types of energy

Answer 5

1-Chemical energy stored in bonds of chemical substances
2-electrical energy comes from movement of charged particles
3-mechanical energy directly involved in moving matter
4-radiant or electromagnetic energy travels in waves

Question 6

What are energy conversions

Answer 6

Energy can be converted for example electrical energy into light energy via a lamp energy conversion is in efficient as energy is lost as heat.

Question 7

What are the elements percentage breakdown of our body?

Answer 7

96% of us is carbon oxygen hydrogen and nitrogen
3.9% from nine elements
less than .01% are 11 other elements

Question 8

Name the parts of an atom with the charge and atomic mass unit

Answer 8

• Protons positively charged with 1 AMU
• neutrons have no charge NEUTRAL also weigh 1 AMU
• Electrons have a negative charge almost no mass

Question 9

What are two models Atoms

Answer 9

Planetary model

Orbital model which shows an electron cloud

Question 10

How do you calculate the atomic mass

Answer 10

Add the number of protons to the number of neutrons. This also takes Into accounts the average of the masses of all isotope forms of the Atom

Question 11

How do you get the atomic number

Answer 11

Only the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 12

What is an isotope

Answer 12

Structural variant of the same element the Adam has the same number of protons but different amount of neutrons. This makes the atomic number the same but the atomic mass different

Question 13

What is the radio isotope

Answer 13

It’s an isotope that decomposes to more stable forms.

Question 14

Explain radio isotope formation what is given off as a result and how does that help us for medicine and biological research.

Answer 14

An unstable Atom will lose various subatomic particles as it degrades to stability.
These sub atomic particles release a little energy as they are given off called Radioactivity.
Diagnostic machines can detect this radioactivity and be used for testing and diagnosis.
These radioactive particles share the same chemistry as the stable isotopes so the body can absorb them.

Question 15

How are chemical bonds created?

Answer 15

Electrons in the valance shell of one atom react with other electrons of the valence shell of a different atom to make a stable Molecule.

Question 16

How many shells are there and what are the maximum amount of electrons in the first four from the nucleus.?

Answer 16

Atoms can have up to seven electron shells.

Shell. # of electrons

4. 32

Question 17

What is the octet rule

Answer 17

Atoms want eight electrons in the valance shell.
What’s the driving force behind chemical reactions
Adams do not have full villain shelves they either gain lose or share electrons

Question 18

What are three types of chemical bonds

Answer 18

Ionic covalent and hydrogen

Question 19

Explain Ionic bonds

Answer 19

Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons and become charged. protons and electrons are not equal

Question 20

What are anions and Cations

VACATION AND ONIONS

Answer 20

Anions gain an electron and become negatively charged cations lose an election and become positively charged.

Question 21

What is a covalent bond

Answer 21

A bond where 2 Atoms share electrons

Question 22

What is a single covalent, double covalent and triple covalent bond

Answer 22

Single covalent bond shares 2 electrons double covalent shares 4 electrons triple called covalent shares 6 electrons

Question 23

Two types of covalent bonds and the difference

Answer 23

1 Polar covalent is unbalanced with an unequal sharing of electrons that can be electronegative with more electrons attracting or electropositive with less attracting ability
2 Nonpolar covalent which is balanced and share equal number of electrons.

Question 24

What are three types of chemical reactions?

Answer 24

Synthesis / combination reaction Atoms or molecules combined to form larger molecules. Anabolic
decomposition reaction breaks down into smaller molecules. Catabolic
Displacement or exchange reactions
These are reduction-oxidation reactions or redox Atoms are reduced when they gain electrons and oxidized when they lose electrons.

Question 25

What is exegonic and endergonic

Answer 25

Exogonic reactions that release energy/heat catabolic. The products have less energy than the reactants
Endergonic reactions absorb energy anabolic.

Question 26

What effects the speed of chemical reactions

Answer 26

Temperature, More heat equals faster reaction rate
The concentration of the reactants.
particle size smaller size increase reaction rate
introduced catalyst or enzyme This lowers the amount of energy required for the reaction.