LAB TEST CLASS REVIEW Flashcards
What is the freezing point of water in Celsius and Fahrenheit
Freezing point of water in Celsius is 0° and in Fahrenheit it’s 32°
What is the normal body temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit
Body temperature in Celsius is 37° but the temperature in Fahrenheit is 98.6°
Define Diffusion
The movement of particles from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration. Along a concentration gradient
Define filtration
Removal of particles in suspension by passing the mixture through a membrane of specific pore size
Define osmosis
The diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane. In that movement of water from a high concentration to a lower concentration Across a semi permeable or Selectively permeable membrane
Define hydrolysis
A Digestion reaction or catabolic. Polymers are broken down into monomers
What is the monomer of the polymer polypeptide ( proteins)
Amino acids
What is the monomer of polysaccharides (starch)
Monosaccharides
What is the monomer of the polymer fats
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is the monomer of the polymer DNA and RNA
Nucleotides
What is a solute
A solute is a substance that is dissolved into the solvent in a solution
What is a solvent
The solvent is the substance That dissolves a solute in a solution.
The salt dissolve in water
Yes it does
What happens to a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution.? Explain why
It Crenates or shrinks and becomes wrinkled.
Because there is More solute outside of the cell and less water so the water inside the cell comes out to achieve equilibrium
What happens to a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution.? And explain why
Hemolysis or the cell swells and bursts.
Water moves into the cell because outSide of the cell there are less solute And more water. Causing water to come into the cell attempting to reach equilibrium causing it to swell and burst.
Happens to red blood cell in an isotonic solution? Explain why
Nothing happens to the red blood cell because the concentration of solute inside and outside of the cell or equal so there’s no movement of water
Is the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit and Celsius?
100°C and 212°F
What Is iodine an indicator of? How does it change?
Iodine test for the presence of starch and it turns from a brownish yellow to a black When starch is present
What is silver nitrate An indicator of? And what is the color change?
The test for the presence of salt and it turns from clear to a milky white When salt is present
What is pH? What is an indicator of pH? And what are the color changes depending on the pH?
The pH I solution is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity Litmus paper test pH. If it is acidic it is pink and if it’s alkaline it turns blue.
Define dialysis membrane
A membrane that has a specific pore size allowing Particles of a specific size to pass through.
What is one physical and one biological example of diffusion?
Physical - the smell of food will diffuse into the entire room so it can be smelled everywhere
Biological - Oxygen and carbon dioxide moving in and out of a cell
Describe one physical and one biological example of filtration
Physical - dirty air passes through an air filter and the dirty particles are removed from the air leaving clean air
Biological - calcium carbonate in a suspension passes through a filter and clear filtrate comes out the other side.
Filtrate
The resulting fluid that passed through the membrane
Describe one physical and one biological example of osmosis
Physical - rehydrating raisins - soak in water, water goes into the raisin
Biological - red blood cell experiment. Hypotonic sol water moves into cell = hemolysis
Hypertonic sol water moves out of the cell = crenate
Describe an experiment of diffusion
Potassium permanganate placed in the center of a petri dish filled with distilled water. The distinct color of the potassium permanganate filters out through diffusion into the water Slowly coloring the entire solution
Describe an experiment of osmosis
The osmometer experiment. A semi permeable sausage attached to a tube filled with a sucrose solution is immersed in a beaker of distilled water the water passes slowly through the membrane of the sucrose solution causing the water level to slowly rise.
Describe an experiment of hemolysis
Two drops of blood are put into different Beakers with varying concentrations of a saline solution. The hypotonic solutions cause hemolysis the hypertonic solution is cause crenation the isotonic solution maintains the cell stable
Describe an experiment for filtration
Calcium carbonate mixture which is cloudy just passed through a filter and the resulting filtrate is clear
Describe a dialysis experiment
Make two sausages Of a selectively permeable membrane and fill them with a starch and salt solution. Place each in 2 different Petri dishes Filled with distilled water. Put drops of iodine in bowl A and put drops silver nitrate in Bowl B.
In bowl A The iodine was small enough to go through the semi permeable membrane and reacted with the solution inside showing the presence of starch turning it black. The starch was too big to go through the membrane leaving the Surrounding water the normal iodine color.
In bowl b The silver nitrate was too big to go through the membrane leaving the solution inside the sausage clear. The salt was small enough to go through the membrane reacting with the silver nitrate in the surrounding solution turning it cloudy.
What are classes of biological molecules?
Proteins carbohydrates lipids and nucleic acid
What is dehydration synthesis
Chemical reaction were monomers are linked and turned into polymers. It’s called dehydration synthesis because a molecule of water is removed.
What is an enzyme?
Biological catalyst speed up the rate of chemical reactions And helps break down polymers into monomers. Without itself going through any chemical change.
What is a catalyst
Helps a chemical reaction occur by lowering the amount of energy needed for it to occur Without itself going through any chemical change.
What is a substrate
The reactant an enzyme acts upon
What is the product
The end result of a chemical reaction between an enzyme and a substrate
What is an indicator
Indicator undergoes a observable reaction one introduced to a specific chemical for example iodine turns black in the presence of starch.
What is amylase
An enzyme that breaks down starch and glycogen into simple sugars
What is lipase
And enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides into mono glycerides and fatty acid. 3 Fatty acids and glycerol
What is Benedict’s reagent
Indicates the presence of monosaccharides when heated to 90°C
What happens to Amylase that’s 0°C 90°C and 37°C and why
90°C is too hot it becomes denatured
0°C is too cold it slows down
37° his body temperature and the enzyme works fastest.
