LAB TEST CLASS REVIEW

Question 1

What is the freezing point of water in Celsius and Fahrenheit

Answer 1

Freezing point of water in Celsius is 0° and in Fahrenheit it’s 32°

Question 2

What is the normal body temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit

Answer 2

Body temperature in Celsius is 37° but the temperature in Fahrenheit is 98.6°

Question 3

Define Diffusion

Answer 3

The movement of particles from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration. Along a concentration gradient

Question 4

Define filtration

Answer 4

Removal of particles in suspension by passing the mixture through a membrane of specific pore size

Question 5

Define osmosis

Answer 5

The diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane. In that movement of water from a high concentration to a lower concentration Across a semi permeable or Selectively permeable membrane

Question 6

Define hydrolysis

Answer 6

A Digestion reaction or catabolic. Polymers are broken down into monomers

Question 7

What is the monomer of the polymer polypeptide ( proteins)

Answer 7

Amino acids

Question 8

What is the monomer of polysaccharides (starch)

Answer 8

Monosaccharides

Question 9

What is the monomer of the polymer fats

Answer 9

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 10

What is the monomer of the polymer DNA and RNA

Answer 10

Nucleotides

Question 11

What is a solute

Answer 11

A solute is a substance that is dissolved into the solvent in a solution

Question 12

What is a solvent

Answer 12

The solvent is the substance That dissolves a solute in a solution.

Question 13

The salt dissolve in water

Answer 13

Yes it does

Question 14

What happens to a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution.? Explain why

Answer 14

It Crenates or shrinks and becomes wrinkled.
Because there is More solute outside of the cell and less water so the water inside the cell comes out to achieve equilibrium

Question 15

What happens to a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution.? And explain why

Answer 15

Hemolysis or the cell swells and bursts.
Water moves into the cell because outSide of the cell there are less solute And more water. Causing water to come into the cell attempting to reach equilibrium causing it to swell and burst.

Question 16

Happens to red blood cell in an isotonic solution? Explain why

Answer 16

Nothing happens to the red blood cell because the concentration of solute inside and outside of the cell or equal so there’s no movement of water

Question 17

Is the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit and Celsius?

Answer 17

100°C and 212°F

Question 18

What Is iodine an indicator of? How does it change?

Answer 18

Iodine test for the presence of starch and it turns from a brownish yellow to a black When starch is present

Question 19

What is silver nitrate An indicator of? And what is the color change?

Answer 19

The test for the presence of salt and it turns from clear to a milky white When salt is present

Question 20

What is pH? What is an indicator of pH? And what are the color changes depending on the pH?

Answer 20

The pH I solution is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity Litmus paper test pH. If it is acidic it is pink and if it’s alkaline it turns blue.

Question 21

Define dialysis membrane

Answer 21

A membrane that has a specific pore size allowing Particles of a specific size to pass through.

Question 22

What is one physical and one biological example of diffusion?

Answer 22

Physical - the smell of food will diffuse into the entire room so it can be smelled everywhere
Biological - Oxygen and carbon dioxide moving in and out of a cell

Question 23

Describe one physical and one biological example of filtration

Answer 23

Physical - dirty air passes through an air filter and the dirty particles are removed from the air leaving clean air
Biological - calcium carbonate in a suspension passes through a filter and clear filtrate comes out the other side.

Question 24

Filtrate

Answer 24

The resulting fluid that passed through the membrane

Question 25

Describe one physical and one biological example of osmosis

Answer 25

Physical - rehydrating raisins - soak in water, water goes into the raisin
Biological - red blood cell experiment. Hypotonic sol water moves into cell = hemolysis
Hypertonic sol water moves out of the cell = crenate

Question 26

Describe an experiment of diffusion

Answer 26

Potassium permanganate placed in the center of a petri dish filled with distilled water. The distinct color of the potassium permanganate filters out through diffusion into the water Slowly coloring the entire solution

Question 27

Describe an experiment of osmosis

Answer 27

The osmometer experiment. A semi permeable sausage attached to a tube filled with a sucrose solution is immersed in a beaker of distilled water the water passes slowly through the membrane of the sucrose solution causing the water level to slowly rise.

Question 28

Describe an experiment of hemolysis

Answer 28

Two drops of blood are put into different Beakers with varying concentrations of a saline solution. The hypotonic solutions cause hemolysis the hypertonic solution is cause crenation the isotonic solution maintains the cell stable

Question 29

Describe an experiment for filtration

Answer 29

Calcium carbonate mixture which is cloudy just passed through a filter and the resulting filtrate is clear

Question 30

Describe a dialysis experiment

Answer 30

Make two sausages Of a selectively permeable membrane and fill them with a starch and salt solution. Place each in 2 different Petri dishes Filled with distilled water. Put drops of iodine in bowl A and put drops silver nitrate in Bowl B.
In bowl A The iodine was small enough to go through the semi permeable membrane and reacted with the solution inside showing the presence of starch turning it black. The starch was too big to go through the membrane leaving the Surrounding water the normal iodine color.
In bowl b The silver nitrate was too big to go through the membrane leaving the solution inside the sausage clear. The salt was small enough to go through the membrane reacting with the silver nitrate in the surrounding solution turning it cloudy.

Question 31

What are classes of biological molecules?

Answer 31

Proteins carbohydrates lipids and nucleic acid

Question 32

What is dehydration synthesis

Answer 32

Chemical reaction were monomers are linked and turned into polymers. It’s called dehydration synthesis because a molecule of water is removed.

Question 33

What is an enzyme?

Answer 33

Biological catalyst speed up the rate of chemical reactions And helps break down polymers into monomers. Without itself going through any chemical change.

Question 34

What is a catalyst

Answer 34

Helps a chemical reaction occur by lowering the amount of energy needed for it to occur Without itself going through any chemical change.

Question 35

What is a substrate

Answer 35

The reactant an enzyme acts upon

Question 36

What is the product

Answer 36

The end result of a chemical reaction between an enzyme and a substrate

Question 37

What is an indicator

Answer 37

Indicator undergoes a observable reaction one introduced to a specific chemical for example iodine turns black in the presence of starch.

Question 38

What is amylase

Answer 38

An enzyme that breaks down starch and glycogen into simple sugars

Question 39

What is lipase

Answer 39

And enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides into mono glycerides and fatty acid. 3 Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 40

What is Benedict’s reagent

Answer 40

Indicates the presence of monosaccharides when heated to 90°C

Question 41

What happens to Amylase that’s 0°C 90°C and 37°C and why

Answer 41

90°C is too hot it becomes denatured
0°C is too cold it slows down
37° his body temperature and the enzyme works fastest.