Lect 4 - Acute Inflammation Flashcards
what causes of acute inflammation are there?
- Tissue injury and death
* Infection (Especially bacterial)
what are the proper terms for heat, redness, swelling and pain?
calor - heat
rubor - red
dolor - pain
tumor - swelling
what types of acute inflammation are there?
- Serous
- Fibrinous (with fibrin)
- Purulent (with pus)
what parts of inflammation are there?
- Vascular reaction - dilatation (=rubor), changes in flow
- Exudative reaction - formation of inflammatory exudate (=tumor)
- Cellular reaction - migration of inflammatory cells out of vessels
what factors from the body cause vascular reaction?
histamine bradykinin NO Leukotriene B4 Complement Components Cytokines (IL1,8; TNFa) Prostaglandins Thrombolytic pathway Kinin system Clotting pathway
What non mediated factors cause vascular reaction?
Direct damage to endothelium
toxins, physical agents
what mechanisms constitute the vascular reaction?
micro vascular dilation and
increased permeability.
Initially flow increases, and then it descreases.
why does exudate form?
The increased permeability lets macromolecules leave the blood. Therefore, tissue fluid does not move via osmosis back into the veins after being forced out by the hydrostatic pressure in the arteries. Along with increased flow this causes a lot of swelling.
what is the function of the exudate?
- Dilution of noxious agents
- Transport to lymph nodes
- Supply of nutrients, O2
- Spread of inflammatory mediators
- Spread of antibodies
- Spread of drugs
what in particular is the exudate rich in?
immunoglobulins and fibrinogen.
describe the cellular reaction
- Accumulation of neutrophils in extracellular space
* In severe cases, accumulation of neutrophils, cellular debris and bacteria forms pus
what are neutophils?
- Produced in bone marrow
- Commonest white cell in blood
- Increase in acute inflammation
- Motile, amoeboid, can move into tissues
- Directional chemotaxis
- Short lifespan (hours in tissues)
