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W's MoD > Lect 10 - Normal Microbiota - Tue 13th Oct > Flashcards

Lect 10 - Normal Microbiota - Tue 13th Oct Flashcards

1
Q

what is normal flora?

A

Organisms found in a given location in a state of health

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2
Q

what is Colonisation

A

Establishment at a site in the body

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3
Q

what is Symbiosis

A

Two or more organisms co-exist in close physical association

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4
Q

what is Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit from symbiosis

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5
Q

what is neutralism?

A

Neither organism derives benefit or harm

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6
Q

what is Commensalism?

A

One organism benefits, the other derives neither benefit nor harm

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7
Q

what is Parasitism?

A

One organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (host)

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8
Q

describe the non sterile sites of the body

A 
conjunctiva
nasopharynx
GI tract
Vagina
Skin
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9
Q

what maintains sterile sites?

A

Sterility maintained by surface cleaning

barriers that allow uni-directional flow

physical separation from non-sterile sites

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10
Q

what sterile site in the body is maintained by surface cleaning?

A

Lower respiratory tract

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11
Q

what sterile sites in the body are maintained by barriers?

A 
Upper genital tract (Cervix)
Urinary tract (Urethra)
Middle ear (Eustachian tube)
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12
Q

what sterile sites in the body are maintained by physical separation

A

Plural cavity
Peritoneal cavity
Spinal cord and meninges

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13
Q

what is Tissue tropism

A

Propensity for a particular organism to grow in a particular habitat

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14
Q

what Physical variables lead to certain microbes growing

A 
Moisture
Temperature
pH
O2 availability
Nature of surface
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15
Q

what is the Gingival crevice?

A

base of teeth near gums.

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16
Q

what is the normal skin flora?

A

Coagulase-negative staphylococci

Staphylococcus aureus

Propionibacterium species

note skin near any body orifice may be similar to those in the orifice.

17
Q

what mouth flora are there?

A

Viridans/oral streptococci
Anaerobes
Many others

18
Q

what flora in the nasopharynx are there?

A 
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) 
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis 
S. aureus
19
Q

how does the vagina change in terms of micro-organisms post puberty?

A

glycogen produced due to circulating oestrogens.

changes from lower GI flora to Lactobacillus spp. and Lactobacillus acidophilus which Ferment glycogen.

they Maintain pH ≈3, preventing overgrowth of other species

20
Q

What stomach Flora is there?

A

Predominantly aerobic bacteria

- acid-tolerant Lactobacilli
- Helicobacter pylori
21
Q

what large intestine flora is there?

A

95-99% Anaerobes
Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp. Bifidobacteria spp

some Aerobic bacteria - Enteric Gram-negative bacilli

22
Q

what does ssp. after a name mean?

A

many species of that group.

eg Clostridium spp = lots of different Clostridium bacteria.

23
Q

what vitamins do you get from your flora?

A

vitamins K (E coli) and B12 secreted by enteric bacteria

24
Q

how are you protected by normal flora?

A

Colonisation resistance

Induction of cross-reactive antibodies

25
Q

does normal flora stay the same throughout life?

A

no.

26
Q

what conditions may be impacted by microbiome?

A 
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Metabolic disorders, diabetes
Hypertension
Obesity
Cancer
Infection
27
Q

what hospital associated infection leads to diarrhoea after overuse of antibiotics?

A

Clostridium difficile

28
Q

what novel treatment may be useful in combating C diff?

A

faecal transplant

29
Q

what types of pathology of normal flora are there?

A

Overgrowth
Translocation (wrong site)
Cross-infection

30
Q

give an example of overgrowth.

A

Vaginal thrush

- often after Treated with broad spectrum antibiotic

31
Q

give an example of translocation

A

Conjunctivitis - Red eyes and purulent conjunctival discharge following URTI with cough and runny nose.

Haemophilus influenzae

32
Q

what clinical conditions can be caused by “normal” flora

A

dental caries, peridontal disease, pharyngitis

endocarditis

urogenital infection

Gastroenteritis/peritonitis

Pneumonia

Abscesses

W's MoD (18 decks)

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