Lect 32 female athlete triad Flashcards
1
Q
the female athlete triad consists of what what three inter-related disorders
A
- osteoporosis
- disordered eating
- amenorrhea
2
Q
low energy availability impairs bone health indirectly by
A
- inducing amonorrhea and removing estrogens effect on bone formation
- overtime, bone mineral density decreases
3
Q
when energy availability is low, mechanisms reduce amoutn of ATP for what
A
- cell function
- thermoregulation
- growth
- reproduction
4
Q
how is GnRH and LH/FSH impacted by reduced energy
A
- pulsatility is disrupted within 5 days when energy availability is reduced from 45 (normal) to 30
- leads to decreased E2 production -> accelerates bone resportion -> decreased bone mineral densitiy
5
Q
what is equation for energy availability
A
- EA = (EI -EEE) / FFM
- EI: dietary intake
- EEE: exercise energy expenditure
- FFM: fat free mass
6
Q
describe luteal phase defect
A
- menstrual cycle with a luteal phase < 10 days or with low progesterone
- follicular phase is prolonged, cycle length does not change
- athlete will ovulate and menstruate
7
Q
Describe Anovulation
A
- menstrual cycle without ovulation
- low levels of estrogen and progesterone
- impaired follicular development
- athlete will often menstruate (cycles either shortened or prolonged)
8
Q
what time period catagorizes as oligomenorrhea
A
a period of 35 days or more between cycles
9
Q
what time period catagorizes as amenorrhea
A
absence of menstrual cycle lasting more than 90 days
10
Q
bone mineralization disorder is present with secondary risk factors such as
A
- malnutrition
- eating disorders
- glucocorticoids exposure
- h/o stress fx
- hypogonadism
11
Q
Z-score < 2 is termed
A
osteoporosis or low bone density
12
Q
what is a normal Z-score
A
(-1.0) or greater
