Lect 3 Brainstem Flashcards
3 divisions of brain stem
midbrain
pons
medulla
much of midbrain is hidden by temporal lobes
Cranial nerves 1-12
Olfactory - 1 Optic- 2 Oculomotor - 3 Trochlear - 4 Trigeminal - 5 Abducens - 6 Facial - 7 Vestibulocochlear - 8 Glossopharyngeal - 9 Vagus - 10 Spinal Accessory - 11 Hypoglossal - 12
10 of twelve emerge through brain stem
Phrase to help remember cranial nerves
Oh once one takes the anatomy final very good vacations are heavenly
CN 1
olfactory
enters into anterior fossa, only nerve associated with anterior fossa
foramen magnum
spinal cord opening in the fossa
CN 2
optic
passes from the orbit into the middle cranial fossa; carries visual information
CN 3
Oculomotor
emerge from the brainstem within the posterior cranial fossa, travel forward to reach theh middle cranial fossa and pass through foramen in the middle cranial fossa in order to exit the cranial cavity
CN4
trochlear
emerge from the brainstem within the posterior cranial fossa, travel forward to reach theh middle cranial fossa and pass through foramen in the middle cranial fossa in order to exit the cranial cavity
CN5
Trigeminal
emerge from the brainstem within the posterior cranial fossa, travel forward to reach theh middle cranial fossa and pass through foramen in the middle cranial fossa in order to exit the cranial cavity
CN 6
AbVestibulocducens
emerge from the brainstem within the posterior cranial fossa, travel forward to reach theh middle cranial fossa and pass through foramen in the middle cranial fossa in order to exit the cranial cavity
CN 7
facial
emerge from brainstem in the posterior cranial fossa, they course for a short distance and exit the cranial cavity via foramen in the posterior cranial cavity
CN 8
vestibulocochlear
emerge from brainstem in the posterior cranial fossa, they course for a short distance and exit the cranial cavity via foramen in the posterior cranial cavity
CN 9
Glossopharyngeal
emerge from brainstem in the posterior cranial fossa, they course for a short distance and exit the cranial cavity via foramen in the posterior cranial cavity
CN 10
Vagus
emerge from brainstem in the posterior cranial fossa, they course for a short distance and exit the cranial cavity via foramen in the posterior cranial cavity
CN 11
Spinal Accessory
emerge from brainstem in the posterior cranial fossa, they course for a short distance and exit the cranial cavity via foramen in the posterior cranial cavity
CN 12
Hypoglossal
emerge from brainstem in the posterior cranial fossa, they course for a short distance and exit the cranial cavity via foramen in the posterior cranial cavity
Brainstem
tectum
tegmentum
basal portion
tectum
dorsal; posterior to the ventricular spaces
tegmentum
mid-region; anterior to the ventricular spaces
the reticular formation is location==ed with the tegmentum
basal portion
ventral region
Reticular formation
complex neural network in the core of the medulla, pons and midbrain that regulates neural activity throughout the CNS
Reticular formation function
- important in regulating respiratory cardiovascular and other visceral functions (via projections to hypothalamus, brainstem nuclei and lateral horn of the spinal cord)
- influences alertness, attention, motivation (via projections to brain regions that serve these functions (prefrontal cortex)
- influences motor movement (via projections to nuclei of the basal ganglia and via the reticulospinal tract)
Extensive projections in the pontine reticular formation of single stained neuron
axon that bifurcates and ends in wide areas of the CNS, reaching the anterior horn of the spinal cord, nucleus gracilis, periaqueductal gray, hypothalamus, thalamus and multiple levels of the reticular formation
