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Anatomy Test 3 > Lect 1 Intro to CNS > Flashcards

Lect 1 Intro to CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal/coronal plane

A

results in a front piece and a back piece

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2
Q

sagittal plane

A

separates brain down the middle, results in a left and right sides
can be midsagittal which displays both hemispheres or off center

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3
Q

horizontal plane

A

results in a top piece and bottom piece

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4
Q

parasagittal

A

off the mid line

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5
Q

brain main components

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem

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6
Q

Cerebrum components

A

Cerebral hemispheres - cerebral cortex, subcortical grey matter
Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus

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7
Q

Brainstem components

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

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8
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

2

each is divided into 4 (or 5) anatomical lobes

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9
Q

4/5 lobes of the hemisphere

A 
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
-limbic lobe is also described

Frontal–>Parietal–>Occipital = Anterior and go rostral to caudal
temporal inferior to F & P, rostral to Occipital

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10
Q

Central sulcus

A

separates the frontal from the parietal lobe

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11
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

Sylvian fissure

separates teh temporal from the frontal and parietal lobes

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12
Q

Parietooccipial sulcus

A

(see medial view)

separates the occipital from the parietal lobe

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13
Q

Gyrus

A

each ridge of brain

evaginations

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14
Q

sulcus

A

invagination, groove between ridges

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15
Q

Fissures

A

deep sulci

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16
Q

corpus callosum

A

major axonal bundles joining the 2 cerebral hemispheres

limbic lobe forms rim around CC

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17
Q

Major fossae of cranial cavity

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior Cranial fossa

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18
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

sits above orbitals and dasal cavity, frontal lobe fills this fossa

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19
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A

contains temporal lobe

large depression

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20
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

holds cerebellum, entrance of brain stem

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21
Q

cerebellum

A

inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and within posterior cranial fossa

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22
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

occipital lobes are supported inferiorly by the tentorium cerebelli

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23
Q

occipital lobes support and location

A

supported by tentorium cerebelli

rostral/superior to TC

24
Q

Bones of anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal
Ethmoid bone - rostral to sphenoid, root of nose
Sphenoid bone

25
Q

Middle cranial fossa bone make up

A

Sphenoid
temporal bone
(parietal bone is not considered part of middle fossa)

26
Q

bones of the posterior cranial fossa

A

sphenoid bone
temporal bone
occipital bone (largest)

27
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

referes to layers of neurons that reside along the outer surface of the cerebrum

most of the human cortex is a six layer cortex (neocortex) numbered from outside in

28
Q

neocortex

A

six layer cortex numbered from pial surface to inner surface

layers defined by types of neurons in each layer

29
Q

gray matter

A

neuronal cell bodies in CNS, outer layers of pial surface

30
Q

white matter

A

axons, often myelinated

31
Q

pia mater

A

grey matter, adhered to surface of brain, not classified as brain matter

32
Q

Cerebral Cortex Transverse Nissl stain

A

Surface of brain (cortex) is comprised of neurons = grey matter – stains purple
- see purple invaginations as well

white matter- axons are unstained

33
Q

Myelin stain coronal section

A

Gray matter - unstained

white matter - black

34
Q

White matter regions of cerebral hemisphere

A

corona radiata
internal capsule

much of interior of cerebrum is right matter

35
Q

Corona radiata

A

radiating white matter immediately deep to the cortex that fans out like a ‘crown’

36
Q

Internal capsule

A

deep to the corona radiata
deep white matter tracts that course between nuclei of the basal ganglia and thalamus

5 Anatomical regions:
Anterior limb, Genu, Posterior limb, retrolenticular, (rostral to caudal) & sublenticular

37
Q

Organization of cerebral cortex

A

highly organized

Brodmann’s anatomical areas of human cortex - helps people talk about different sections of the brain

38
Q

Information processing of cerebral cortex

A

first processed in primary sensory cortices
then travels to association cortices (higher order cortical areas) where integration occurs

parts of brain that process more info are larger - olfactory is much larger in rats, association corticee much larger in humans

39
Q

diencephalon

A

hidden in an intact brain from gross inspection

includes: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

40
Q

thalamus appearance

A

forms wall of 3rd ventricle
mid-sagittal section exposed, cannot see most of it though

better viewed from coronal section

41
Q

Thalamus characteristics

A

bilateral & highly organized
comprised of many nuclei
Gateway to cerebral cortex - great majority of sensory and motor pathways relay through thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex
also receives info from cortical regions

42
Q

hypothalamus

A

comprises part of the diencephalon
important in maintaining internal environment in a physiological range (homeostasis)
lots of nuclei, with specific function (not responsible for these nuclei)

43
Q

cerebellum

A

aka little brain
receives extensive sensory input
projects to subcortical structures (indirectly) to cortical regions
influences motor, cognitive and behavioral functions

44
Q

Brainstem organization

A 
Rostral to caudal
Midbrain
Pons 
Rostral medulla
Caudal Medulla - three pairs of nuclei on dorsal surface
45
Q

Spinal cord

A

continuous with the brainstem at the caudal medulla

spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord to peripheral nerves that carry sensory/motor info to/from the CNS

46
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

47
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side

48
Q

bilateral

A

both sides

49
Q

unilateral

A

one side

50
Q

Ventricles

A

series of continuous spaces deep in the brain that contain cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF)
2 lateral ventricles coming together creates the 3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
Ventricles produce the cerebrospinal fliud

51
Q

cerebral acqueduct

A

connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle

52
Q

Layers of meninges

A

dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater

53
Q

Dura mater

A

External meningeal layer - thickest layer

54
Q

Arachnoid

A

intermediate meningeal layer (together with dura mater cover the surface of the brain)
transparent - can see blood vessels

55
Q

pia mater

A

internal meningeal layer
adheres to surface of brain
only layer that goes into gyri and sulci

Anatomy Test 3 (9 decks)

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