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micro test 3 > Lect 21 > Flashcards

Lect 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis can cause what 4 infections

A
  • trachoma
  • lymphogranuloma venereum
  • inclusion conjunctivitis
  • NGU (nongonococcal urethritis)
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2
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis

  • gram status
  • requirements
A
  • obligate intracellular bacteria, require host derived ATP
  • gram negative
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3
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis exists in what 2 forms

A
  1. elementary body: infectious
  2. reticulate body: intracellular
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4
Q

list the 3 main causes of nongonococcal urethritis

A
  • Chlamydia Trachomatis
  • ureaplasma urealyticum
  • mycoplasma genitalium
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5
Q

main reservoir of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma genitalium

A

genital tract of sexually active person

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6
Q

NGU from C. trachomatis has highest prevalence in what patient population

A
  • teenagers
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7
Q

ascension of C. trachomatis in females can cause

A
  • salpingitis
  • PID
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8
Q

presentation of NGU C. trachomatis in males

A
  • urethritis and epididymitis
  • water, odorless discharge
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9
Q

toxin of C. trachomatis

A
  • toxin similar to Toxin B in C. Diff
    • causes
      • chronic inflammation
      • sloughing of mucosal cells
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10
Q

how is C. trachomatis diagnosed

A
  1. isolation of cell culture: gold standard
  2. nucleic acid probes
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11
Q

Tx: C. trachomatis

A

azithromycin or tetracycline

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12
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

  • in what form does it exist
A
  • exists as a trophozoite
    • flagellated protozoan
    • extracellular anaerobe
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13
Q

how is Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted

A

sexual intercourse

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14
Q

clinical presentation

  • males: asymptomatic, scant, clear to mucupurulent d/c
  • females: profuse vaginal d/c, frothy and malodorous
A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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15
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis in women can lead to what co-condition

A

bacterial vaginosis

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16
Q

how is Trichomonas vaginalis diagnosed

A
  • wet mount exam
  • culture
17
Q

tx Trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole

18
Q

what is bacterial vaginosis

A
  • not an STI
  • caused by overgrowth of opportunistic pathogen in vagina due to changes in pH
19
Q

differentiate between vaginal pH in normal vs vaginosis

A
  • normal: PH < 4.5
  • vaginosis: pH: 5-6
20
Q

List the criteria that are present to diagnose bacterial vaginosis

A
  1. presence of CLUE CELLS
  2. fishy odor when 10% KOH added
  3. pH > 4.5
21
Q

where are Candidiasis spp normally found

A
  • normal flora of skin and mucous membranes
  • opportunistic fungal infections
22
Q

vulvovaginal candidiasis is normally caused by what species

A

candida albicans

23
Q

clinical presentation

  • thick, white, frothy d/c in women (no odor)
  • itching, irritation
  • burning sensation with intercourse or urination
  • vaginal pain
A

vulvovaginal candidiasis

24
Q

candida albican parent yeast can turn into what 3 forms

A
  1. budding yeast
  2. pseudohypha
  3. germ tube -> hypha
25
Q

which form of candida albican is the most adhesive

A

germ tube

26
Q

how is candida albican diagnosed

A
  1. direct microscopic exam
    • large G+ cells (will stain purple)
    • yeast cells, true hyphae, pseudohyphae
  2. Culture -> chromagar
27
Q

tx of vulvovaginal candidiasis

A
  • topical cream: miconazole
  • oral fluconazole
28
Q

Haemophilus

  • gram status
  • motile
A
  • gram negative
  • non motile
29
Q

Haemophilus Ducreyi leads to formation of what lesion

A

chancroid

30
Q

clinical presentation

  • develops 3-5 days post infection
  • vesicle or papule that quickly progresses to pustulation and ulceration
  • lesion: tender papule on genitalia that lacks induration, bleeds readily,
A

soft chancre of chancroid -> Haemophilus Ducreyi

31
Q

how is Haemophilus Ducreyi diagnosed

A
  1. required identification of Haemophilus Ducreyi from genital ulcer or swollen lymph node
  2. PCR
32
Q

tx: Haemophilus Ducreyi

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

**needs susceptibility testing

33
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease is usually caused by what two pathogens

A
  1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  2. chlamydia trachomatic
34
Q

what increases risk of developing PID

A
  • STD present
  • prior episode of PID
  • sexuall active adolescent
  • mult sex partners
  • frequent douching
35
Q

clinical presentation

  • low abd pain
  • abnormal vaginal discharge
  • painful intercourse
  • increased pain with menstruation
  • scarring
  • irregular menstruation
  • fever and chills
A

PID

36
Q

how is PID diagnosed

A
  • clinically
  • evidence of inflammation
    • fever, leukocytosis, elevated ESR

micro test 3 (7 decks)

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