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micro test 3 > 20 > Flashcards

20 Flashcards

1
Q

List the three causes of ulcerative STDs

A
  1. Syphilis
  2. Chancroid
  3. Genital herpes
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2
Q

List the three causes of Nonulcerative STDs

A
  1. Gonorrhea
  2. Trichomoniasis
  3. Chlamydia
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3
Q

Where are the genus treponema normally found

A
  • normal flora on mucosal surfaces
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4
Q

what pathogen causes syphilis

A

Treponemia pallidum

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5
Q

Treponemia pallidum

  • gram status
  • shape
  • motility
A
  • gram negative
  • spirochete
  • slow rotational motility
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6
Q

what does Treponemia pallidum require to grow

A
  • exclusively a human pathogen
  • obligate internal parasite
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7
Q

Treponemia pallidum will grow in a primary cell culture. what animal model is used

A

rabbits

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8
Q

virulence factors of Treponemia pallidum

A
  • hyaluronidase -> perivascular infiltration
  • Fibronectin coat: antiphagocytic
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9
Q

what causes lesions from Treponemia pallidum infection

A

the result of the inflammatory process

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10
Q

how is Treponemia pallidum transmitted

A
  • direct sexual contact with person who has active 1º or 2º lesion
  • lesion near mouth
  • needle sharing
  • transplacental transmission
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11
Q

what is the principle lesion of primary syphilis? what does it look like

A

the syphilis chancre

  • begins as papule
    • superficial erosion
    • formation of hemorrhagic crust
    • base is smooth and border is raised
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12
Q

what is the typical dormancy period between primary and secondary syphilis

A

2-10 weeks

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13
Q

what signs are characteristic of secondary syphilus

A
  • superficial lesions of high infectivity -> maculopapular rash
  • mucosal warty lesions (condylomata lata)
  • immune complexes form in arteriolar walls
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14
Q

What is latent syphilis? What two categories can it be broken into?

A
  • absence of clinical signs and symptoms
  1. early latency: within 1 yr of infection
  2. late latency: > 1 yr after infection
    1. immunity to relapse and reinfection
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15
Q

When does tertiary syphilis manifest

A

5-20 yrs after infection

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16
Q

what signs are characteristic of tertiary syphilis

A
  • neurosyphilis
  • cardiovascular syphilis
  • granulomata
    • typically seen in skin, bones, and joints
17
Q

what signals poor prognosis in congenital syphilis

A
  • earlier onset of symptoms after birth signals poor prognosis
  • most infants are born apparently healthy and develop signs and symptoms at 3 weeks of age
18
Q

what signs are characteristic of congenital syphilis

A
  • maculopapular cutaneous lesions
  • nasal obstruction with mucoid discharge
  • osteitis of nasal bones
  • hutchinson’s triad
19
Q

what is Hutchinson’s triad

A
  • notched incisors
  • interstitial keratitis
  • 8th nerve deafness
20
Q

how is syphilis diagnosed

A
  1. presence of chancre, and/or genital lesion
  2. darkfield microscopy
  3. most cases diagnosed serologically
    • nontreponemal tests: VDRL, RPR: nonspecific, screening
    • treponemal tests: specific antibody test
21
Q

tx of syphilis

A

pencillin

22
Q

what pathogen causes gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

23
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

  • gram status
  • shape
  • growth requirementsdfffxxf
A
  • gram negative
  • diplococcus with kidney bean shaped cell
  • fastidious growth requirements
24
Q

virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A
  • antigenic variation of pili
  • nonpiliated phase variants
  • IgA proteases
  • Plasmid-and chromosome- mediated resistance to PCN, tetracyclines, spectinomycin, and fluoroquinolones
25
Q

highest rate of gonorrhea is in what patient population

A

adolescents

26
Q

major reservoir of gonorrhea

A

asymptomatic patient

27
Q

transmission of gonorrhea

A
  • genital
  • oral-genital
  • rectal intercourse
28
Q

how does N. gonorrhoeae lead to injury of cells

A

released Lipooligosaccharide and peptidoglycan

29
Q

entry and exit of N. gonorrhoeae is via

A
  • mucosal surfaces
    • eyes
    • mouth
    • urethra
    • vagina
    • rectum
30
Q

where does N. gonorrhoeae tend to colonize in males and females

A
  • females: endocervix and urethra -> cevicitis
  • males: anterior urethra -> urethritis -> mucopurulent discharge
31
Q

List the complications of gonorrhea

A
  1. various local effects
  2. acute salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease
  3. disseminated gonococcal infection
32
Q

features of disseminated gonococcal infection

A
  • fever rash
  • endocarditis, meningitis
  • **purulent arthritis
33
Q

how is gonorrhea diagnosed

A
  • culture
    • nucleic acid amplification -> PCR *gold standar
34
Q

tx of gonorrhea

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

micro test 3 (7 decks)

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